Kowalczyk Paweł, Sobol Monika, Makulska Joanna, Węglarz Andrzej, Kurylczyk Apoloniusz, Skiba Grzegorz
Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
Department of Genetics, Breeding and Animal Ethology, Hugo Kołłątaj University of Agriculture in Krakow, Ave. A. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 19;26(18):9158. doi: 10.3390/ijms26189158.
This study investigated the influence of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the activity of antioxidant defence systems and DNA repair enzymes in the liver of newborn piglets born to gilts that were supplemented with fish oil or algal oil during pregnancy. The oils were offered in their natural form or as nanoparticles. Daily doses of both natural and nano-encapsulated oils were calculated to provide each gilt with 3100 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 600 mg for the gilt and 250 mg for each foetus). Liver samples were collected from six piglets per gilt within 24 h after birth. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured spectrophotometrically, while DNA repair enzyme activities-formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG), thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG), and N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG)-were assessed by Fpg protein digestion. SOD activity was lowest in piglets from gilts supplemented with algal oil, fish oil, and nano-encapsulated fish oil. Piglets born to the gilts that received algal oil nanoparticles showed higher activity (1.57 U/mg), while the highest activity was recorded in control piglets. CAT activity followed a similar trend; it was lowest in algal oil-supplemented mothers and highest in controls. GPx activity was lowest in piglets born to gilts that received algal oil (both forms) and highest in controls. The FPG activity in piglets birthed by PUFA-supplemented gilts was approximately half that of MPG and TDG, indicating reduced oxidative DNA damage. Both fish oil and algal oil, regardless of the form administered, effectively reduce oxidative stress in pregnant gilts and the associated DNA damage in the livers of their offspring. These findings suggest that maternal supplementation with long-chain n-3 PUFAs can protect newborn piglets from oxidative damage. Furthermore, regional disparities in access to functional foods underline the importance of targeted strategies that integrate local food systems and health planning to promote nutritional equity.
本研究调查了长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）对妊娠期间补充鱼油或藻油的后备母猪所产新生仔猪肝脏中抗氧化防御系统和DNA修复酶活性的影响。这些油以天然形式或纳米颗粒形式提供。计算天然油和纳米包封油的每日剂量，以使每头后备母猪获得3100毫克二十二碳六烯酸（DHA；后备母猪600毫克，每头胎儿250毫克）。出生后24小时内，从每头后备母猪所产的六头仔猪中采集肝脏样本。用分光光度法测量超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）的活性，同时通过Fpg蛋白消化评估DNA修复酶活性——甲酰胺嘧啶-DNA糖基化酶（FPG）、胸腺嘧啶-DNA糖基化酶（TDG）和N-甲基嘌呤DNA糖基化酶（MPG）。补充藻油、鱼油和纳米包封鱼油的后备母猪所产仔猪的SOD活性最低。接受藻油纳米颗粒的后备母猪所产仔猪的活性较高（1.57 U/mg），而对照仔猪的活性最高。CAT活性呈现类似趋势；在补充藻油的母猪所产仔猪中最低，在对照仔猪中最高。接受藻油（两种形式）的后备母猪所产仔猪的GPx活性最低，在对照仔猪中最高。补充PUFA的后备母猪所产仔猪的FPG活性约为MPG和TDG的一半，表明氧化DNA损伤减少。鱼油和藻油无论以何种形式给药，都能有效降低妊娠后备母猪的氧化应激及其后代肝脏中的相关DNA损伤。这些发现表明，母体补充长链n-3 PUFAs可以保护新生仔猪免受氧化损伤。此外，获取功能性食品的地区差异凸显了整合当地食品系统和健康规划以促进营养公平的针对性策略的重要性。
