Kondakova Olga A, Agranovsky Alexey A, Ryabchevskaya Ekaterina M, Umarova Elizaveta P, Granovskiy Dmitriy L, Toropov Stepan E, Evtushenko Ekaterina A, Nikitin Nikolai A, Karpova Olga V
Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
Vet Sci. 2025 Sep 4;12(9):858. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12090858.
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, induces the highly contagious Newcastle disease in poultry. Newcastle disease outbreaks, common in many developing countries, have been recorded worldwide for a century. Poultry, even vaccinated stocks, together with wild and synanthropic birds, serve as reservoirs of NDV. Despite the extensive use of commercial NDV vaccines, Newcastle disease outbreaks frequently occur in vaccinated chickens, resulting in great economic losses. The primary limitation of commercial Newcastle disease vaccines is their restricted compatibility with emerging novel NDV strains. The advancement of vaccines and vaccination techniques is anticipated to reduce the propagation of pathogenic NDV strains and consequently alleviate losses in poultry production. This review examines the NDV genotypes and strains implicated in both current and historical Newcastle disease outbreaks, and evaluates existing and candidate NDV vaccines, emphasizing recent innovations and novel techniques. Our aim was to delineate critical subjects for future inquiry and to furnish extensive data that could aid researchers in understanding the current advancements and existing problems in Newcastle disease vaccination prophylactics. The emergence of a new generation of vaccines employing advanced technologies may substantially improve the efficacy of Newcastle disease prevention and control.
新城疫病毒（NDV）是一种禽副粘病毒，可在家禽中引发高度传染性的新城疫。新城疫疫情在许多发展中国家很常见，在全球范围内已有一个世纪的记录。家禽，即使是接种过疫苗的种群，以及野生和伴人鸟类，都是新城疫病毒的储存宿主。尽管广泛使用了商业化的新城疫病毒疫苗，但新城疫疫情仍频繁发生在接种过疫苗的鸡群中，造成了巨大的经济损失。商业化新城疫疫苗的主要局限性在于它们与新出现的新城疫病毒毒株的兼容性有限。预计疫苗和疫苗接种技术的进步将减少致病性新城疫病毒毒株的传播，从而减轻家禽生产中的损失。本综述研究了与当前和历史新城疫疫情相关的新城疫病毒基因型和毒株，并评估了现有的和候选的新城疫病毒疫苗，重点介绍了近期的创新和新技术。我们的目的是确定未来研究的关键主题，并提供广泛的数据，以帮助研究人员了解新城疫疫苗预防措施的当前进展和存在的问题。采用先进技术的新一代疫苗的出现可能会大大提高新城疫防控的效果。
