Akbariqomi Mostafa, Kheirandish Zarandi Peyman, Abedi Azam, Moosazadeh Moghaddam Mehrdad, Imani Fooladi Abbas Ali
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, New Health Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Microb Cell Fact. 2025 Sep 26;24(1):207. doi: 10.1186/s12934-025-02838-2.
Traditional chemotherapy, a prevalent cancer treatment modality, is associated with significant side effects and often leads to treatment failure. Non-specific drug distribution and chemoresistance are the main factors contributing to this failure. Certain distinctive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including hypoxia, acidic pH, and increased interstitial fluid pressure, render cancer cells resistant to conventional treatments. Multiple approaches have been devised to enhance the treatment efficiency of neoplasms and overcome chemoresistance. Nowadays, bacteria-based cancer therapy has garnered significant interest in both preclinical and clinical research, owing to its distinctive mechanism and various applications in eliciting host antitumor immunity. Due to their inherent tumor tropism, elevated motility, and capacity for quick colonization in the conducive TME, bacteria are increasingly being considered for targeted tumor treatment. Bacteria, rich in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), can efficiently stimulate immune cells even inside the immunosuppressive TME, boosting the particular immune detection and eradication of tumor cells. Furthermore, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), cytoplasmic membrane vesicles (CMVs), and their derived physiological components exhibit analogous functionalities to their parental cells. This review article is representative of the latest innovations in bacteria-based immunosuppressive TME reprogramming. Additionally, the article discusses future directions in this research area, drawing on current advances.
传统化疗作为一种常见的癌症治疗方式，会产生显著的副作用，且常常导致治疗失败。非特异性药物分布和化疗耐药性是导致这种失败的主要因素。肿瘤微环境（TME）的某些独特特征，包括缺氧、酸性pH值和间质液压力增加，使癌细胞对传统治疗产生抗性。人们已经设计了多种方法来提高肿瘤的治疗效率并克服化疗耐药性。如今，基于细菌的癌症治疗因其独特的机制以及在引发宿主抗肿瘤免疫方面的各种应用，在临床前和临床研究中都引起了极大的关注。由于细菌固有的肿瘤嗜性、较高的运动性以及在有利的肿瘤微环境中快速定植的能力，它们越来越多地被考虑用于靶向肿瘤治疗。富含病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）的细菌即使在免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境中也能有效刺激免疫细胞，增强对肿瘤细胞的特异性免疫检测和清除。此外，外膜囊泡（OMVs）、细胞质膜囊泡（CMVs）及其衍生的生理成分表现出与其亲本细胞类似的功能。这篇综述文章代表了基于细菌的免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境重编程的最新创新。此外，本文还借鉴当前的进展讨论了该研究领域的未来方向。
