Nishimura Shinya, Wabiko Yuki, Miura Hiroyuki, Kamiharako Aina, Tsuda Eiichi
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
Department of Rehabilitation, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2025 Sep 25;13(9):23259671251368997. doi: 10.1177/23259671251368997. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Wrist pain prevalence is significantly higher in female gymnasts than in male gymnasts, and the pathological site varies depending on patient age. However, the differences between age groups have not been elucidated with a focus on changes in the kinematics of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ).
To analyze the effect of wrist weightbearing during a handstand on the kinematics of the DRUJ using ultrasonography in female elementary school (ES), junior high school (JH), and high school (HS) gymnasts, and to determine whether wrist pain affects the kinematic measurements in female gymnasts.
Descriptive laboratory study.
A total of 66 wrist joints in 33 female gymnasts (5 ES, 9 JH, and 19 HS students) were included. Ultrasound examinations were performed in neutral extension, nonweightbearing (NENWB); full extension, nonweightbearing; and full extension, weightbearing (FEWB). The radioulnar joint kinematics were evaluated by measuring the radioulnar separation and dorsivolar shift. The change in distance in the FEWB condition was determined as a reference for those in the NENWB condition and for comparison between the 3 school groups. Also, the change in distance was compared between the gymnasts with and without wrist pain.
The radioulnar separation increased from the NENWB to the FEWB condition in all 3 groups, and a significantly larger change in distance was observed in HS students compared with ES students ( = .008). The dorsivolar shift decreased from the NENWB to the FEWB condition in ES and JH students; it was almost unchanged in HS students. There was a significant difference in change in dorsivolar shift from the NENWB to the FEWB condition between ES and JH students ( = .023). There were 2 ES, 2 JH, and 10 HS students with wrist pain. The change in radioulnar separation was significantly greater separation in gymnasts with wrist pain compared with those without wrist pain ( < .001).
The radioulnar joint kinematics during the FEWB condition varied with school age in female gymnasts. The larger increase in the radioulnar separation from the NENWB condition to the FEWB condition might be associated with a biomechanical mechanism of wrist pain in female gymnasts.
Repetitive tensile loads put female gymnasts at risk of wrist pain and overuse injury.
女性体操运动员手腕疼痛的患病率显著高于男性体操运动员，且病理部位因患者年龄而异。然而，尚未针对尺桡远侧关节（DRUJ）运动学变化来阐明各年龄组之间的差异。
运用超声分析女子小学（ES）、初中（JH）和高中（HS）体操运动员在倒立过程中手腕负重对DRUJ运动学的影响，并确定手腕疼痛是否会影响女子体操运动员的运动学测量结果。
描述性实验室研究。
纳入33名女子体操运动员（5名小学生、9名初中生和19名高中生）的66个腕关节。在中立位伸展非负重（NENWB）、完全伸展非负重和完全伸展负重（FEWB）状态下进行超声检查。通过测量尺桡分离和掌背侧移位来评估尺桡关节运动学。将FEWB状态下的距离变化确定为NENWB状态下距离变化的参考值，并用于比较3个学校组之间的差异。此外，还比较了有手腕疼痛和无手腕疼痛的体操运动员之间的距离变化。
在所有3组中，从NENWB状态到FEWB状态，尺桡分离均增加，与小学生相比，高中生的距离变化明显更大（P = .008）。在小学生和初中生中，从NENWB状态到FEWB状态，掌背侧移位减小；在高中生中，其几乎没有变化。小学生和初中生从NENWB状态到FEWB状态的掌背侧移位变化存在显著差异（P = .023）。有2名小学生、2名初中生和10名高中生存在手腕疼痛。与无手腕疼痛的体操运动员相比，有手腕疼痛的体操运动员尺桡分离变化明显更大（P < .001）。
女子体操运动员在FEWB状态下的尺桡关节运动学随学龄而变化。从NENWB状态到FEWB状态尺桡分离的更大增加可能与女子体操运动员手腕疼痛的生物力学机制有关。
重复性拉伸负荷使女子体操运动员面临手腕疼痛和过度使用损伤的风险。
