Nichols B A, Bainton D F, Farquhar M G
J Cell Biol. 1971 Aug;50(2):498-515. doi: 10.1083/jcb.50.2.498.
The origin, content, and fate of azurophil granules of blood monocytes were investigated in several species (rabbit, guinea pig, human) by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. The life cycle of monocytes consists of maturation in bone marrow, transit in blood, and migration into tissues where they function as macrophages. Cells were examined from all three phases. It was found that: azurophil granules originate in the Golgi complex of the developing monocyte of bone marrow and blood, and ultimately fuse with phagosomes during phagocytosis upon arrival of monocytes in the tissues. They contain lysosomal enzymes in all species studied and peroxidase in the guinea pig and human. These enzymes are produced by the same pathway as other secretory products (i.e., they are segregated in the rough ER and packaged into granules in the Golgi complex). The findings demonstrate that the azurophil granules of monocytes are primary lysosomes or storage granules comparable to the azurophils of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the specific granules of eosinophils. Macrophages from peritoneal exudates (72-96 hr after endotoxin injection) contain large quantities of lysosomal enzymes throughout the secretory apparatus (rough ER and Golgi complex), in digestive vacuoles, and in numerous coated vesicles; however, they lack forming or mature azurophil granules. Hence it appears that the monocyte produces two types of primary lysosomes during different phases of its life cycle-azurophil granules made by developing monocytes in bone marrow or blood, and coated vesicles made by macrophages in tissues and body cavities.
通过电子显微镜和细胞化学技术，对几种物种（兔子、豚鼠、人类）血液单核细胞嗜天青颗粒的起源、内容物和命运进行了研究。单核细胞的生命周期包括在骨髓中成熟、在血液中运输以及迁移到组织中并在那里发挥巨噬细胞的功能。对这三个阶段的细胞都进行了检查。结果发现：嗜天青颗粒起源于骨髓和血液中正在发育的单核细胞的高尔基体，最终在单核细胞到达组织后进行吞噬作用时与吞噬体融合。在所有研究的物种中，它们都含有溶酶体酶，在豚鼠和人类中还含有过氧化物酶。这些酶与其他分泌产物通过相同的途径产生（即，它们在粗面内质网中被分隔，并在高尔基体中被包装成颗粒）。研究结果表明，单核细胞的嗜天青颗粒是初级溶酶体或储存颗粒，类似于多形核白细胞的嗜天青颗粒和嗜酸性粒细胞的特异性颗粒。来自腹膜渗出液（内毒素注射后72 - 96小时）的巨噬细胞在整个分泌装置（粗面内质网和高尔基体）、消化液泡以及许多被膜小泡中都含有大量的溶酶体酶；然而，它们缺乏正在形成或成熟的嗜天青颗粒。因此，似乎单核细胞在其生命周期的不同阶段产生两种类型的初级溶酶体——骨髓或血液中正在发育的单核细胞产生的嗜天青颗粒，以及组织和体腔中的巨噬细胞产生的被膜小泡。
