Dhrif Omar, Lahmar Wided, Achour Taysir Ben, Lohse Anne, Samson Maxime
Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinque INSERM U1098, Université Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne., Dijon, France.
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Rheumatol Int. 2025 Oct 23;45(11):253. doi: 10.1007/s00296-025-06004-0.
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) incidence is influenced by various unexplained factors. Multiple studies have investigated seasonal influence on GCA incidence, yielding contradictory results. This meta-analysis aims to determine the pooled seasonal influence on GCA incidence and if it is modulated by latitude. MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched for articles reporting on incidence and describing seasonal or monthly proportions of GCA. The primary outcome measured was the Seasonal Incidence Risk Ratio (SIRR) defined as the incidence of GCA in warm seasons (Spring and Summer) over GCA incidence in cold seasons (Autumn and Winter). Meta-analysis of GCA incidence variations with season was performed on the pooled SIRR. Nineteen articles describing GCA incidence and seasonal variations in 39,829 patients were included, 10 studies reported a significant seasonal pattern in the incidence of GCA with seven studies reporting a warm seasonal pattern and three studies reporting a cold seasonal while 9 studies did not report a significant seasonal pattern. The pooled SIRR estimate in this meta-analysis was 1.08 [0.99-1.17]. We observed a significant reverse correlation between SIRR and the studies' location latitude r= - 0.595(p = 0.015), additionally, we observed an inflexion latitude line in Lyon, France (45.8), all studies performed southern to that line reported higher proportion of warm seasons cases. The pooled SIRR of studies performed southern to the inflexion line was 1.18 [1.09-1.28]. Overall, there was no significant pooled seasonal pattern; however, a warm-season pattern was driven by studies from southern locations, linking latitude and seasonal influence as environmental factors in GCA.
巨细胞动脉炎（GCA）的发病率受多种不明因素影响。多项研究调查了季节对GCA发病率的影响，但结果相互矛盾。本荟萃分析旨在确定季节对GCA发病率的综合影响，以及这种影响是否受纬度调节。检索了MEDLINE和Scopus数据库中报告发病率并描述GCA季节或月度比例的文章。测量的主要结果是季节发病率风险比（SIRR），定义为温暖季节（春季和夏季）GCA发病率与寒冷季节（秋季和冬季）GCA发病率之比。对汇总的SIRR进行了GCA发病率随季节变化的荟萃分析。纳入了19篇描述39829例患者GCA发病率和季节变化的文章，10项研究报告GCA发病率存在显著季节模式，其中7项研究报告为温暖季节模式，3项研究报告为寒冷季节模式，9项研究未报告显著季节模式。本荟萃分析中汇总的SIRR估计值为1.08[0.99 - 1.17]。我们观察到SIRR与研究地点纬度之间存在显著的负相关r = - 0.595（p = 0.015），此外，我们在法国里昂（45.8）观察到一条拐点纬度线，所有在该线以南进行的研究报告温暖季节病例比例更高。在拐点线以南进行的研究汇总SIRR为1.18[1.09 - 1.28]。总体而言，没有显著的汇总季节模式；然而，温暖季节模式是由来自南部地区的研究推动的，将纬度和季节影响联系起来作为GCA的环境因素。
