Damayanti M M, Sari A K, Siddiq T B, Fakih T M
Universitas Islam Bandung, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology Anatomy, Indonesia.
Universitas Islam Bandung, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Indonesia.
Med J Malaysia. 2025 Nov;80(6):793-800.
Clove extract (CE) and grape seed oil (GSO) are medicinal plant compounds. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and grape (Vitis vinifera) are widely recognized botanical species with established therapeutic benefits. This study aims to assess the hepatoprotective effect of nanoemulsions containing CE and GSO in acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats (Rattus norvegicus).
Twenty laboratory mice with criteria were healthy, male, and weighing around 250 mg. Liver damage was induced in experimental animals using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on days 20 and 21 of treatment. The experimental animals were divided into four groups, the group 1 (G1) was a negative control group which was not induced and given standard feed, the group 2 (G2) was a positive control group which was induced and given standard feed, the 3 (G3) was induced and given CE nanoemulsion pretreatment and GSO formula A, the group 4 (G4) was induced and given pretreatment of nanoemulsion CE and GSO formula B. Giving nanoemulsion according to the group for 21 consecutive days. Next, on day 22, serum and liver tissue samples were taken to assess the condition of the liver tissue.
The study's findings demonstrated that the administration of nanoemulsions containing CE and GSO exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in acute liver injury induced by CCl4. Liver function based on levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has a significant difference in group 2 compared to group 4 with a P value of 0.006 and 0.01. The liver histopathology showed a healing process in the group treated with clove and grape nanoemulsion therapy. In group 4 there was no vacuole degeneration, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased neovascularization compared to group 2.
The hepatoprotective effect of nanoemulsions containing CE and GSO was observed to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties resulting in significant improvements in serum biomarkers related to hepatotoxicity and histopathological analysis of liver injury.
丁香提取物（CE）和葡萄籽油（GSO）是药用植物化合物。丁香（丁香属）和葡萄（葡萄属）是具有既定治疗益处的广为人知的植物物种。本研究旨在评估含CE和GSO的纳米乳液对大鼠（褐家鼠）四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导的急性肝损伤的肝保护作用。
选取20只符合标准的健康雄性实验小鼠，体重约250毫克。在治疗的第20天和第21天，使用四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导实验动物肝损伤。将实验动物分为四组，第1组（G1）为未诱导且给予标准饲料的阴性对照组，第2组（G2）为诱导且给予标准饲料的阳性对照组，第3组（G3）为诱导且给予CE纳米乳液预处理和GSO配方A，第4组（G4）为诱导且给予CE纳米乳液和GSO配方B预处理。按组连续21天给予纳米乳液。接下来，在第22天采集血清和肝组织样本以评估肝组织状况。
研究结果表明，含CE和GSO的纳米乳液的给药在CCl4诱导的急性肝损伤中呈现剂量依赖性降低。基于血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平的肝功能，第2组与第4组相比有显著差异，P值分别为0.006和0.01。肝脏组织病理学显示，丁香和葡萄纳米乳液治疗组有愈合过程。与第2组相比，第4组无空泡变性、炎症细胞浸润减少且新生血管形成增加。
观察到含CE和GSO的纳米乳液的肝保护作用具有抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎特性，从而使与肝毒性相关的血清生物标志物和肝损伤的组织病理学分析有显著改善。
