Aggarwal Rishabh, Magar Amit, Dongsar Tenzin Tsering, Dongsar Tenzin Sonam, Abdullah Almoyad Mohammad Ali, Wahab Shadma, Goh Khang Wen, Kesharwani Prashant
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Khamis Mushyt, PO Box. 4536, ZIP., 61412, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Pharm. 2026 Jan 20;689:126483. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126483. Epub 2025 Dec 13.
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, driven in part by the limitations of conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which often lack tumor specificity and incur systemic toxicity. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as versatile agents that overcome these barriers by providing guided drug delivery, hyperthermic ablation, and integrated theranostic functionalities. Their nanoscale dimensions and tunable surface chemistries allow high efficiency loading of chemotherapeutics, while their superparamagnetic cores enable spatial guidance under external magnetic fields and localized heating to induce cancer cell apoptosis. When paired with light responsive agents, MNPs further facilitate synergistic photothermal and photodynamic therapies. Moreover, integration of magnetic resonance contrast agents and fluorescence labels permits non-invasive tracking of nanoparticle biodistribution and treatment response. Recent advances in MNP design have demonstrated enhanced colloidal stability, stimulus triggered cargo release, and receptor mediated targeting across diverse cancer models. This review highlights the recent advances in MNP based cancer targeting and hyperthermia, showcasing how integrating magnetic, thermal and optical functionalities can further improve precision oncology therapies.
癌症仍然是全球主要的死亡原因之一，部分原因是化疗和放疗等传统疗法存在局限性，这些疗法往往缺乏肿瘤特异性且会产生全身毒性。磁性纳米颗粒（MNPs）已成为一种多功能试剂，通过提供导向药物递送、热消融和集成的诊疗功能来克服这些障碍。它们的纳米级尺寸和可调节的表面化学性质允许高效加载化疗药物，而其超顺磁性核心能够在外部磁场下进行空间引导并局部加热以诱导癌细胞凋亡。当与光响应剂配对时，磁性纳米颗粒进一步促进协同光热和光动力疗法。此外，磁共振造影剂和荧光标记的整合允许对纳米颗粒的生物分布和治疗反应进行非侵入性跟踪。磁性纳米颗粒设计的最新进展已证明在各种癌症模型中具有增强的胶体稳定性、刺激触发的药物释放和受体介导的靶向作用。本综述重点介绍了基于磁性纳米颗粒的癌症靶向和热疗的最新进展，展示了整合磁性、热学和光学功能如何进一步提高精准肿瘤学治疗效果。
