Zhu Yawen, Ge Dongxue, Wang Jinglin, Sun Hao, Li Wei, Ren Haozhen
Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Hepatobiliary Institute, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Dec 24;23(1):786. doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03832-x.
The liver is the largest parenchymal organ in the human body, crucial for overall health. However, hepatic diseases have become a global epidemic, causing significant burdens. While traditional therapies for liver diseases such as hepatic fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma have shown limited efficacy and significant side effects, the advent of nanotechnology has introduced novel and promising therapeutic strategies. Nanomedicine, with its excellent biocompatibility, surface modification capabilities, and high targeting ability, has the potential to revolutionize liver disease treatment. Here, we systematically review the latest advancements in nanomaterials for liver diseases, focusing on innovative nanocarriers such as exosomes, liposomes, microneedle technologies, biomimetic microfibers, and emerging platforms. We highlight critical gaps in current nanomedicine research, including biocompatibility and toxicity concerns, scalability and cost-effectiveness of production, and the need for personalized medicine and patient-specific nanotherapies. By addressing these challenges, nanotechnology can provide a multifunctional and powerful platform to significantly improve liver health and overcome existing limitations in clinical translation.
肝脏是人体最大的实质性器官，对整体健康至关重要。然而，肝脏疾病已成为全球性流行病，造成了巨大负担。虽然针对肝纤维化、非酒精性脂肪性肝病和肝细胞癌等肝脏疾病的传统疗法疗效有限且副作用显著，但纳米技术的出现引入了新颖且有前景的治疗策略。纳米医学具有出色的生物相容性、表面修饰能力和高靶向性，有潜力彻底改变肝脏疾病的治疗方式。在此，我们系统回顾了用于肝脏疾病的纳米材料的最新进展，重点关注创新型纳米载体，如外泌体、脂质体、微针技术、仿生微纤维和新兴平台。我们强调了当前纳米医学研究中的关键差距，包括生物相容性和毒性问题、生产的可扩展性和成本效益，以及个性化医疗和针对患者的纳米疗法的需求。通过应对这些挑战，纳米技术可以提供一个多功能且强大的平台，以显著改善肝脏健康并克服临床转化中现有的局限性。
