声音对反应的控制：强化的异常效应。
The control of responding by sounds: unusual effect of reinforcement.
作者信息
Harrison J M
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1979 Sep;32(2):167-81. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1979.32-167.
Naive rats were trained to respond on one lever in the presence of noise bursts from one speaker and on a second lever in the presence of noise bursts from a second speaker. The speakers were mounted behind the levers. When responding on the lever adjacent to the sounding speaker was reinforced, control developed within fewer than five trials. When responding on the nonadjacent lever was selectively reinforced, responding on the lever adjacent to the sounding speaker increased in probability for several sessions. Naive rats were trained to respond on the nonadjacent lever following preexposure to the sound. Responding on the lever adjacent to the sounding speaker increased in probability, showing that novelty was not responsible for the effect. Naive rats were run on automaintenance procedures in which there was no explicit pairing of sound and magazine operation, 100% pairing of sound and magazine operation, or magazine operation following 40% of sound presentations. None of the rats acquired the response of approaching and sniffing the sounding speaker, indicating that sound-magazine pairing was not responsible for the effect.
将未接触过实验的大鼠训练为
在来自一个扬声器的噪声脉冲出现时，对一个杠杆做出反应；在来自另一个扬声器的噪声脉冲出现时，对另一个杠杆做出反应。扬声器安装在杠杆后面。当对与发声扬声器相邻的杠杆的反应得到强化时，在少于五次试验内就形成了控制。当对不相邻杠杆的反应被选择性强化时，对与发声扬声器相邻杠杆的反应概率在几个实验环节中增加。将未接触过实验的大鼠在预先接触声音后，训练其对不相邻杠杆做出反应。对与发声扬声器相邻杠杆的反应概率增加，表明该效应并非由新奇性导致。将未接触过实验的大鼠进行自动维持程序实验，其中声音与食盒操作没有明确配对、声音与食盒操作100%配对，或者在40%的声音呈现后进行食盒操作。没有一只大鼠习得接近并嗅闻发声扬声器的反应，这表明声音与食盒的配对并非导致该效应的原因。
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