Kosmidis J, Hamilton-Miller J M, Gilchrist J N, Kerry D W, Brumfitt W
Br Med J. 1973 Dec 15;4(5893):653-5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5893.653.
The activity of cefoxitin was compared with that of cephalothin against 229 bacterial strains. Cefoxitin was more active against most Gram-negative strains, notably against indole-producing Proteus spp., which are usually resistant to the cephalosporins. Cefoxitin was not susceptible to any significant extent to degradation by beta-lactamases produced by Gram-negative organisms. Against Gram-positive organisms, however, cefoxitin was considerably less active than cephalothin, but minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus were well within therapeutically attainable blood levels.Pharmacokinetic studies in 18 volunteers showed a higher and longer sustained antibiotic activity in serum and urine after injections of cefoxitin than after equal doses of cephalothin. Urinary recovery of cefoxitin activity was also much higher than that of cephalothin. No evidence of toxicity due to cefoxitin was found. Cefoxitin was slightly less painful after intramuscular injection than cephalothin.
将头孢西丁与头孢噻吩针对229株细菌菌株的活性进行了比较。头孢西丁对大多数革兰氏阴性菌菌株更具活性，尤其对产吲哚变形杆菌属，这类细菌通常对头孢菌素耐药。头孢西丁在很大程度上不易被革兰氏阴性菌产生的β-内酰胺酶降解。然而，针对革兰氏阳性菌，头孢西丁的活性远低于头孢噻吩，但金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度完全处于治疗可达到的血药浓度范围内。对18名志愿者进行的药代动力学研究表明，注射头孢西丁后，血清和尿液中的抗生素活性比注射等量头孢噻吩后更高且持续时间更长。头孢西丁活性的尿回收率也远高于头孢噻吩。未发现头孢西丁产生毒性的证据。肌肉注射后，头孢西丁引起的疼痛比头孢噻吩略轻。
