Cohn Z A, Parks E
J Exp Med. 1967 Feb 1;125(2):213-32. doi: 10.1084/jem.125.2.213.
The pinocytosis-inducing effect of a number of molecular species was studied in cultures of mouse macrophages. Agents were added to a basal medium containing 1% NBCS-No. 199 and allowed to interact with cells for 150 min. Vesicle counts were then performed and compared to control cells in the basal medium. Certain proteins, i.e. albumin and fetuin, with isoelectric points of five and below were found to be potent stimulators of vesicle formation. Basic proteins including lysozyme, histone, and protamine had little influence at sublethal concentrations. The pinocytosis-stimulating activity of bovine plasma albumin could be markedly depressed by removal of bound fatty acids. The addition of either oleic or linoleic acid to de-fatted albumin restored its inducing properties to initial levels. The activity of fetuin could be abolished by either mild acid hydrolysis or neuraminidase digestion. Both procedures removed the majority of the sialic acid content of fetuin. The D and L isomers of polyglutamic acid were found to produce a marked increase in pinosome production. In contrast, poly-DL-lysine was not effective. Neutral and basic amino acids were without significant effect on pinocytosis, whereas aspartic and glutamic acids were stimulatory. The amides of glutamic and aspartic acid did not induce pinocytosis. The unnatural D isomers of glutamic, aspartic, leucine, and phenylalanine inhibited pinocytosis. The inhibition by D-glutamic acid could be reversed with the L isomer. A number of acid mucopolysaccharides, including heparin, hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate, were excellent inducers. High molecular weight dextran was without significant stimulatory effect whereas dextran sulfate was very active. Both desoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid enhanced pinosome formation. A number of low molecular weight anions including N-acetylneuraminic acid were found to enhance vesicle formation. In general, anionic molecules were better inducers than either neutral or cationic species. The minimum effective dose of macroanions was a function of molecular weight and their activity appeared unrelated to specific chemical groupings.
在小鼠巨噬细胞培养物中研究了多种分子的诱导胞饮作用。将试剂添加到含有1%新生牛血清的199号基础培养基中，使其与细胞相互作用150分钟。然后进行囊泡计数，并与基础培养基中的对照细胞进行比较。发现某些蛋白质，即等电点为5及以下的白蛋白和胎球蛋白，是囊泡形成的有效刺激物。包括溶菌酶、组蛋白和鱼精蛋白在内的碱性蛋白质在亚致死浓度下影响很小。去除结合脂肪酸可显著降低牛血清白蛋白的胞饮刺激活性。向脱脂白蛋白中添加油酸或亚油酸可使其诱导特性恢复到初始水平。轻度酸水解或神经氨酸酶消化均可消除胎球蛋白的活性。这两种方法都去除了胎球蛋白中大部分的唾液酸含量。发现聚谷氨酸的D型和L型异构体可使吞噬体产生显著增加。相比之下，聚-DL-赖氨酸无效。中性和碱性氨基酸对胞饮作用无显著影响，而天冬氨酸和谷氨酸具有刺激作用。谷氨酸和天冬氨酸的酰胺不诱导胞饮作用。谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸的非天然D型异构体抑制胞饮作用。D-谷氨酸的抑制作用可用L型异构体逆转。包括肝素、透明质酸和硫酸软骨素在内的多种酸性粘多糖是极好的诱导剂。高分子量葡聚糖无显著刺激作用，而硫酸葡聚糖非常活跃。脱氧核糖核酸和核糖核酸均增强了吞噬体的形成。发现包括N-乙酰神经氨酸在内的多种低分子量阴离子可增强囊泡形成。一般来说，阴离子分子比中性或阳离子分子是更好的诱导剂。大阴离子的最小有效剂量是分子量的函数，其活性似乎与特定化学基团无关。
