Dolan M P
J Clin Psychol. 1979 Jan;35(1):140-4.
Chronic psychiatric patients were Ss in a study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of contingent reinforcement to improve personal appearance and hygiene. Ss were divided into four groups matched on age and years of hospitalization. Group 1 was rated on personal appearance and received contingent material reinforcement and verbal reinforcement. Group 2 was rated and received only contingent verbal reinforcement. Group 3 was rated, but received no contingent reinforcement, and Group 4 was control. It was concluded that (1) both contingent verbal reinforcement and contingent material plus verbal reinforcement can be used to improve personal appearance; (2) contingent material plus verbal reinforcement is more effective for improving personal appearance than using only contingent verbal reinforcement; (3) rating patients without using contingent reinforcement does not result in significant improvement; and (4) simply presented video-taped information for improving personal appearance does not cause significant improvement.
慢性精神病患者是一项旨在评估偶联强化对改善个人外表和卫生状况有效性研究中的被试。被试根据年龄和住院年限分为四组。第1组接受个人外表评分，并得到偶联物质强化和言语强化。第2组接受评分，只得到偶联言语强化。第3组接受评分，但未得到偶联强化，第4组为对照组。研究得出结论：（1）偶联言语强化以及偶联物质强化加言语强化均可用于改善个人外表；（2）偶联物质强化加言语强化在改善个人外表方面比仅使用偶联言语强化更有效；（3）不对患者使用偶联强化进行评分不会导致显著改善；（4）单纯播放改善个人外表的录像信息不会引起显著改善。
