Stimulation by triiodothyronine of the in vitro uptake of sugars by rat thymocytes.

Studies were conducted to ascertain the in vitro effect of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) on the accumulation of the glucose analogue, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), by thymocytes freshly isolated from weanling rats. At a concentration of 1 muM, T(3) stimulated the 15-min uptake of (3)H-2-DG after cells had been exposed to T(3) for only 30 min. Significant stimulation of 2-DG accumulation was produced by 1 nM T(3), with increasing stimulation at doses ranging up to 10 muM. T(3) did not alter the fraction of accumulated 2-DG that was phosphorylated, and kinetic studies indicated that its effect was associated with a significant increase in the apparent V(max) of 2-DG accumulation, but not the apparent K(m). T(3) also enhanced the accumulation by thymocytes of the nonmetabolized glucose analogue, 3-O-methylglucose (3-O-MG), an effect that was evidently the result of an increase in 3-O-MG transport into the cell, because it was seen in cells incubated with (3)H-3-O-MG for only 30 s. The proportionate increase in 2-DG accumulation produced by T(3) was not altered by preincubating cells with concentrations of puromycin or cycloheximide sufficient to reduce [(3)H]-leucine incorporation by 95%, and T(3) over a period of >2 h had no effect on [(3)H]leucine incorporation itself. These results indicate that T(3) stimulates the uptake of sugars in rat thymocytes in vitro by an effect on their inward transport. The promptness of the effect and its failure to be inhibited during profound inhibition of protein synthesis further indicate that this effect of T(3) is not mediated through a nuclear-dependent mechanism. Rather, the properties of this response, and of the increases in amino acid and 2-DG accumulation produced by T(3) in other tissue preparations, strongly suggest that these effects of T(3) are mediated at the level of cell membrane.