Mackenzie C F, Shin B, Fisher R, Cowley R A
Am Surg. 1979 Feb;45(2):101-8.
Of 760 direct admissions to a specialized trauma center, 173 (22.7%) victims of motor vehicle accidents died. Excluding patients dead on arrival, the mortality rate was 14.5%. Autopsy reports were reviewed and showed that the major cause of death was head injury (49.7%). Uncontrollable hemorrhage from massive trauma was the next most common problem and usually proved fatal in the first 24 hours after admission. The incidence of sepsis and renal failure increased with prolongation of CCRU stay. Following admission, respiratory failure was not a common cause of death (3%). Because of direct helicopter rather than ambulance transport from the scene of the motor vehicle accident, earlier attention was paid to diagnosis of trauma and treatment of respiratory insufficiency with mechanical ventilation. Because of the early initiation of therapy, there was rapid restoration of circulating volume and tissue perfusion. This may account for the low mortality.
在760例直接入住某专业创伤中心的患者中，173例（22.7%）机动车事故受害者死亡。排除入院时已死亡的患者，死亡率为14.5%。尸检报告显示，主要死亡原因是头部损伤（49.7%）。严重创伤导致的无法控制的出血是第二常见的问题，通常在入院后的头24小时内致命。脓毒症和肾衰竭的发生率随着在CCRU住院时间的延长而增加。入院后，呼吸衰竭并非常见的死亡原因（3%）。由于从机动车事故现场直接由直升机而非救护车转运，对创伤的诊断和机械通气治疗呼吸功能不全给予了更早的关注。由于早期开始治疗，循环血容量和组织灌注迅速恢复。这可能是死亡率较低的原因。
