Schwartz N B, Galligani L, Ho P L, Dorfman A
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Oct;71(10):4047-51. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.4047.
Previous studies have shown that D-xylose partially overcomes the puromycin inhibition of chondroitin sulfate synthesis in cultured chick embryo chondrocytes. Likewise, D-xylose stimulates chondroitin sulfate synthesis by limb bud mesenchyme cells previously treated with BrdU or limb bud cartilage cells treated with puromycin. The studies reported here show that p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside and 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside cause a much greater stimulation than does D-xylose and are active at much lower concentrations. In contrast to D-xylose, the xylosides strikingly stimulate chondroitin sulfate synthesis in predifferentiated mesenchyme cells. The xylosides stimulate synthesis of chondroitin sulfate by rat glial cell tumor cells (RC-6), a mouse neuroblastoma (C1300, NB41A), and two strains of cultured rat hepatoma cells (HTC, H(4)). These results indicate that certain types of nonconnective tissue cells contain the enzymic machinery for synthesis of chondroitin sulfate which is normally not utilized because of limited synthesis of core protein and/or xylosyltransferase. The beta-xylosides may be used as a probe of the capacity of various cell types to synthesize sulfated glycosaminoglycans.
先前的研究表明，D-木糖能部分克服嘌呤霉素对培养的鸡胚软骨细胞中硫酸软骨素合成的抑制作用。同样，D-木糖能刺激先前用溴脱氧尿苷处理过的肢芽间充质细胞或用嘌呤霉素处理过的肢芽软骨细胞合成硫酸软骨素。本文报道的研究表明，对硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃木糖苷和4-甲基伞形酮基-β-D-吡喃木糖苷比D-木糖能产生更大的刺激作用，且在低得多的浓度下就有活性。与D-木糖不同，木糖苷能显著刺激未分化的间充质细胞合成硫酸软骨素。木糖苷能刺激大鼠胶质细胞瘤细胞（RC-6）、小鼠神经母细胞瘤（C1300、NB41A）以及两株培养的大鼠肝癌细胞（HTC、H(4)）合成硫酸软骨素。这些结果表明，某些类型的非结缔组织细胞含有合成硫酸软骨素的酶系，由于核心蛋白和/或木糖基转移酶的合成受限，该酶系通常未被利用。β-木糖苷可用作各种细胞类型合成硫酸化糖胺聚糖能力的探针。
