Boice J D, Land C E, Shore R E, Norman J E, Tokunaga M
Radiology. 1979 Jun;131(3):589-97. doi: 10.1148/131.3.589.
Risk of breast cancer following radiation exposure was studied, based on surveys of tuberculosis patients who had multiple fluoroscopic examinations of the chest, mastitis patients given radiotherapy, and atomic bomb survivors. Analysis suggests that the risk is greatest for persons exposed as adolescents, although exposure at all ages carries some risk. The dose-response relationship was consistent with linearity in all studies. Direct evidence of radiation risk at doses under 0.5 Gy (50 rad) is apparent among A-bomb survivors. Fractionation does not appear to diminish risk, nor does time since exposure (even after 45 years of observation). The interval between exposure and the clinical appearance of radiogenic breast cancer may be mediated by hormonal or other age-related factors but is unrelated to dose. Age-specific absolute risk estimates for all studies are remarkably similar. The best estimate of risk among American women exposed after age 20 is 6.6 excess cancers/10(4) WY-G-Y (10(6) WY-rad).
基于对接受多次胸部荧光透视检查的肺结核患者、接受放射治疗的乳腺炎患者以及原子弹幸存者的调查，研究了辐射暴露后患乳腺癌的风险。分析表明，青少年时期暴露者的风险最大，不过所有年龄段的暴露都存在一定风险。在所有研究中，剂量反应关系均符合线性。在原子弹幸存者中，明显存在0.5 Gy（50拉德）以下剂量辐射风险的直接证据。分次照射似乎不会降低风险，暴露后的时间（即使经过45年观察）也不会。辐射诱发乳腺癌的暴露与临床发病间隔可能受激素或其他与年龄相关的因素介导，但与剂量无关。所有研究中按年龄划分的绝对风险估计值非常相似。20岁以后暴露的美国女性中，风险的最佳估计值为每10⁴人年·戈瑞·全身照射（10⁶人年·拉德）有6.6例额外癌症。
