Shephard R J
Br J Sports Med. 1978 Dec;12(4):227-34. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.12.4.227.
The principles of exercise prescription are reviewed with respect to North American experience. The required regimen must be safe, therapeutically effective, and ensure a high rate of compliance. Precautions to increase the safety of exercise are discussed. Cardiac emergencies are sufficiently rare events (less than 1 in 200,000 hours even in post-coronary classes) that the need for immediate medical supervision of a well-designed programme can be questioned. The prime determinant of the response to training is the intensity of effort relative to the individual's initial fitness. Post-coronary patients often have a great potential for training due to their previous inactivity, but this will not be realised if the prescribed exercise is of insufficient intensity. Exercise programmes are plagued by a high 'drop-out' rate; 50% of normal middle-aged volunteers are lost in 6 months, and even with post-coronary programmes losses can be 60--70% over 4 years. Simple suggestions are made for improving compliance with the required exercise prescription.
结合北美经验对运动处方原则进行了综述。所需的训练方案必须安全、具有治疗效果，并确保高依从率。讨论了提高运动安全性的预防措施。心脏急症是极为罕见的事件（即使在冠心病康复班中，发生率也低于二十万分之一小时），因此对于精心设计的项目是否需要即时医疗监督存在疑问。对训练反应的主要决定因素是相对于个体初始健康水平的运动强度。冠心病患者由于之前缺乏运动，往往具有很大的训练潜力，但如果规定的运动强度不足，这种潜力就无法实现。运动项目存在很高的“退出”率；正常中年志愿者中有50%在6个月内退出，即使是冠心病康复项目，4年内的退出率也可达60%至70%。文中给出了一些简单建议，以提高对所需运动处方的依从性。
