Gsell O, Abelin T, Wieltschnig E
Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss. 1979 Mar;35(1-3):71-82.
A prospective mortality study of tobacco smoking of Swiss physicians is reported over a period of 18 years (1955-1973). The mortality rate increases with the intensity of the daily smoking quantity, going till to the double of non-smokers. This elevation is not seen in late smokers. Contrary to the habits of English doctors, who smoke mostly cigarettes, in Switzerland the death rates of cigars (mostly Stumpen) and pipe smokers are as much elevated as for cigarette smokers. In intensive smokers the mortality reached for all 3 the same rate (2,4-2,6). Under the various causes of death lung cancer was only seen in smokers (92,5% intensive smokers). Heart infarctions death has in smokers the highest rate in the age of 35-54 years, going back till 75 years where the death rate is nearly the same as in non-smokers. The passover in mortality of the intensive smokers in full activity of life is documentated by the statistic of Swiss Doctors. Therefore it is a positive factor that in the last 18 years the number of cigarette-smokers in physicians declined from 37% to 21% and the number of past-smokers has gone up from 17 to 38%, but the number of only cigars and pipesmokers is always the same.
本文报告了一项对瑞士医生吸烟情况进行的为期18年（1955 - 1973年）的前瞻性死亡率研究。死亡率随每日吸烟量的增加而上升，重度吸烟者的死亡率是非吸烟者的两倍。晚期吸烟者未出现这种死亡率升高的情况。与大多吸香烟的英国医生的习惯不同，在瑞士，雪茄（大多是 stumpen）吸烟者和烟斗吸烟者的死亡率与吸香烟者一样高。在重度吸烟者中，这三类人群的死亡率相同（2.4 - 2.6）。在各种死因中，肺癌仅见于吸烟者（92.5%为重度吸烟者）。心肌梗死死亡在吸烟者中，35 - 54岁年龄段的发生率最高，到75岁时死亡率与非吸烟者几乎相同。瑞士医生的统计数据记录了重度吸烟者在其生命全盛期死亡率的变化情况。因此，在过去18年里，医生中吸香烟者的比例从37%降至21%，既往吸烟者的比例从17%升至38%，这是一个积极因素，但仅吸雪茄和烟斗者的数量始终不变。
