Lange P, Nyboe J, Appleyard M, Jensen G, Schnohr P
Arbejdsmedicinsk klinik, Rigshospitalet, København.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1993 Jul 26;155(30):2333-7.
Data from The Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective population study, were analysed to investigate the influence of the type of tobacco and inhalation on mortality from lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study sample comprised 2986 plain cigarette smokers, 3222 filter cigarette smokers, 1578 smokers of cheroots/cigars, 433 male pipe smokers and 773 smokers smoking more than one type of tobacco. From 1976 to the end of 1989 we observed 268 deaths from lung cancer and 195 deaths, where COPD was considered as either the main or the contributory cause of death. Current smokers of all types of tobacco had a significantly higher risk of mortality from the investigated diseases than never-smokers. In both sexes the risks of death from both lung cancer and COPD were lower in cheroot/cigar smokers and in pipe smokers than in cigarette smokers, but these differences were markedly diminished after an adjustment for the inhalation habit. The present study substantiates that tobacco smoking increases pulmonary mortality. The small differences between the various types of tobacco are probably caused by different inhalation patterns.
哥本哈根市心脏研究是一项前瞻性人群研究，对其数据进行分析以调查烟草类型和吸入方式对肺癌及慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）死亡率的影响。研究样本包括2986名吸普通香烟者、3222名吸过滤嘴香烟者、1578名吸方头雪茄/雪茄者、433名男性烟斗吸烟者以及773名吸不止一种烟草者。从1976年至1989年底，我们观察到268例肺癌死亡病例以及195例死亡病例，其中COPD被视为主要或促成死亡原因。所有类型烟草的当前吸烟者死于所研究疾病的风险显著高于从不吸烟者。在男性和女性中，吸方头雪茄/雪茄者和烟斗吸烟者死于肺癌和COPD的风险均低于吸香烟者，但在对吸入习惯进行调整后，这些差异明显减小。本研究证实吸烟会增加肺部疾病死亡率。不同类型烟草之间的微小差异可能是由不同的吸入方式导致的。
