Weiss K R, Brown B L
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1974;34(2):301-16.
A review of research regarding the deleterious effects of stimulus preexposure upon subsequent learning is presented. The investigations are discussed with respect both to the generality of this phenomenon and variables controlling its magnitude. Complementary experiments are suggested. Theoretical interpretations are critically reviewed. It is concluded that some of the hypotheses are too narrow to explain the existing data, and some of them lead to predictions which are contrary to the existing data. A new hypothesis is proposed suggesting that during the stimulus preerxposure phase the subject learns a "zero correlation" between the stimulus, or his own behavior and other environmental contingencies. When new learning contingencies are imposed the subject must first unlearn the "zero correlation" learned during preexposure. This process of unlearning retards the learning of the new contingency.
本文对有关刺激预暴露对后续学习的有害影响的研究进行了综述。讨论了这些研究在这一现象的普遍性以及控制其程度的变量方面的情况。提出了补充实验。对理论解释进行了批判性综述。得出的结论是，一些假设过于狭隘，无法解释现有数据，其中一些假设还导致了与现有数据相悖的预测。提出了一个新的假设，表明在刺激预暴露阶段，受试者学会了刺激、自身行为与其他环境偶发事件之间的“零相关”。当施加新的学习偶发事件时，受试者必须首先忘掉在预暴露期间学到的“零相关”。这种忘掉的过程会阻碍对新偶发事件的学习。
