Davenport F M
Postgrad Med J. 1979 Feb;55(640):78-86. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.55.640.78.
The history of the development of influenza virus vaccine is traced from its origin with experimental studies of influenza virus in ferrets and mice and the first trials in man. Knowledge of the basis of immunity to the viruses in experimental animals and in man has grown steadily over the years and has been essential to successful immunization. Virus variation affecting the surface antigens of the virus is seen as the principal obstacle to the application of vaccines in man. So significant are the changes occurring during antigenic drift that former concepts of a polyvalent vaccine cannot provide a solution of the problem of the composition of vaccines. Disrupted virus vaccines appear to provide the answer to the prevention of vaccine reactions.
流感病毒疫苗的发展历程可追溯至其起源，当时在雪貂和小鼠身上对流感病毒进行了实验研究，并首次在人体上进行了试验。多年来，人们对实验动物和人体中针对这些病毒的免疫基础的认识不断深入，这对成功免疫至关重要。影响病毒表面抗原的病毒变异被视为疫苗在人体应用的主要障碍。抗原漂移期间发生的变化非常显著，以至于以前关于多价疫苗的概念无法解决疫苗成分的问题。裂解病毒疫苗似乎为预防疫苗反应提供了答案。
