Garoff L, Seppälä M
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1975 Jan 15;121(2):257-61. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(75)90650-x.
Abnormally low human placental lactogen (HPL) or high alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels in maternal serum are unfavorable prognostic signs in women with threatened abortion but normal levels cannot be used to discriminate between viable and nonviable pregnancies. Out of 112 women with threatened abortion, 69 aborted; of these, 36 had a low HPL level and they all aborted. Five women had an increased AFP concentration. Four of these aborted and the remaining case was a twin pregnancy in which one fetus died and the other survived. HPL and AFP levels provide complementary information as to the fetal outcome in threatened abortion. This was indicated by a normal HPL level in all of the five cases with raised maternal AFP, and by a normal AFP level in 35 of the 36 women with low maternal HPL.
母血中人类胎盘催乳素（HPL）水平异常低或甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平高是先兆流产女性预后不良的体征，但正常水平不能用于区分存活与非存活妊娠。112例先兆流产女性中，69例流产；其中36例HPL水平低，她们均流产。5例女性AFP浓度升高。其中4例流产，其余1例为双胎妊娠，一个胎儿死亡，另一个存活。HPL和AFP水平为先兆流产的胎儿结局提供了互补信息。这表现为5例母血AFP升高的病例中HPL水平均正常，以及36例母血HPL低的女性中有35例AFP水平正常。
