Kliegman R M, Pittard W B, Fanaroff A A
J Pediatr. 1979 Sep;95(3):450-3. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(79)80534-x.
The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis encountered in neonates fed only refrigerated human milk was comparable to that in infants fed milk and isotonic formula or isotonic formula alone. The infants fed human milk were significantly (P less than 0.05) smaller, less mature, had lower Apgar scores, and were fed later than the formula-fed infants. The mean age of onset and time between first feeding and onset of NEC was similar among the three groups. These data indicate that refrigerated human milk was not effective in lowering the incidence of NEC. Possible explanations for the occurrence of NEC in neonates fed human milk include: (1) the introduction of a pathogen via contaminated milk; (2) inadequate maternal antigenic stimulation by the neonatal gastrointestinal flora; and (3) adverse affects of storage on cell number and function.
仅喂食冷藏母乳的新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的发病率与喂食牛奶和等渗配方奶或仅喂食等渗配方奶的婴儿相当。喂食母乳的婴儿明显（P小于0.05）更小、成熟度更低、阿氏评分更低，且比喂食配方奶的婴儿开始喂食的时间更晚。三组中坏死性小肠结肠炎的平均发病年龄以及首次喂食至发病的时间相似。这些数据表明，冷藏母乳在降低坏死性小肠结肠炎发病率方面无效。喂食母乳的新生儿发生坏死性小肠结肠炎的可能原因包括：（1）通过受污染的牛奶引入病原体；（2）新生儿胃肠道菌群对母体抗原刺激不足；（3）储存对细胞数量和功能的不利影响。
