Eaton J W, Kolpin C F, Swofford H S, Kjellstrand C M, Jacob H S
Science. 1973 Aug 3;181(4098):463-4. doi: 10.1126/science.181.4098.463.
Unexplained acute hemolytic anemia is sometimes seen in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. Chloramines, which are oxidant compounds made up of chlorine and ammonia and are widely used as bactericidal agents in urban water supplies, have been found responsible for two recent epidemics, in dialyzed uremic patients, of acute hemolytic anemia characterized by Heinz bodies. Chloramines produce denaturation of hemoglobin, both by their direct oxidizing capacity and their ability to inhibit red cell reductive (hexose monophosphate shunt) metabolism.
原因不明的急性溶血性贫血有时见于接受血液透析的尿毒症患者。氯胺是由氯和氨组成的氧化化合物，在城市供水系统中广泛用作杀菌剂，最近已发现它是导致两起透析尿毒症患者急性溶血性贫血流行的原因，这种贫血以海因茨小体为特征。氯胺通过其直接氧化能力和抑制红细胞还原（磷酸己糖旁路）代谢的能力，使血红蛋白发生变性。
