Nahas L, Kamiguti A S, Barros M A
Thromb Haemost. 1979 Apr 23;41(2):314-28.
A comparative study on the coagulant activity of snake venoms was carried out in 26 Bothrops species, using specific clotting systems for the thrombin-like and the factor X-activator activities. With only two exceptions (B. erythromelas and B. castelnaudi) all venoms showed thrombin-like activity, since they were able to clot fibrinogen directly. The absence of thrombin-like action of B. erythromelas venom is due to a fibrinogenolytic effect. Five venoms (B. atrox asper, B. bilineatus bilineatus, B. cotiara, B. fonsecai and B. itapetiningae) were unable to produce a prothrombin activator when preincubated with serum, factor V, and phospholipid. None of the venoms seems to require factors VII, VIII, IX, XII and XIII for their complete coagulant action. Direct prothrombin activation was observed in most of the Bothrops venoms, alone or combined with thrombin-like and factor X-activator activities. An anticoagulant activity was exhibited by B. castelnaudi venom, probably due to an anti-Xa action. This study points out that the coagulant activity of snake venoms varies within the same genus and must be characterized for each species. Thus, in Bothrops venoms the thrombin-like and factor X-activator components are not always associated, the coagulant effect may be related only to one of the components.
对26种矛头蝮属蛇毒的凝血活性进行了一项比较研究，使用针对类凝血酶和X因子激活剂活性的特定凝血系统。除了两个例外（红矛头蝮和卡氏矛头蝮），所有蛇毒都表现出类凝血酶活性，因为它们能够直接使纤维蛋白原凝固。红矛头蝮蛇毒缺乏类凝血酶作用是由于其纤维蛋白溶解作用。五种蛇毒（糙面矛头蝮、双线矛头蝮、科氏矛头蝮、丰氏矛头蝮和伊塔佩廷加矛头蝮）在与血清、因子V和磷脂预孵育时无法产生凝血酶原激活剂。似乎没有一种蛇毒在其完全凝血作用中需要因子VII、VIII、IX、XII和XIII。在大多数矛头蝮蛇毒中观察到了直接的凝血酶原激活作用，单独或与类凝血酶和X因子激活剂活性共同存在。卡氏矛头蝮蛇毒表现出抗凝活性，可能是由于其抗Xa作用。这项研究指出，蛇毒的凝血活性在同一属内有所不同，必须对每个物种进行特征描述。因此，在矛头蝮蛇毒中，类凝血酶和X因子激活剂成分并不总是相关联的，凝血作用可能仅与其中一种成分有关。
