Karniely Y, Mozes E, Shearer G M, Sela M
J Exp Med. 1973 Jan 1;137(1):183-95. doi: 10.1084/jem.137.1.183.
An inverse relationship exists between the net electrical charge of immunogens and the antibodies they elicit (1). Results of an earlier study have demonstrated that the net charge phenomenon has a cellular basis, since the immune response potential of murine spleen cells to 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) on a negatively charged synthetic polypeptide carrier was reduced by cell fractionation over negatively charged glass beads, whereas the response to the same hapten on a positively charged carrier was unaffected (14). To verify that the net charge correlation is expressed at the cellular level, spleen cells were fractionated over positively charged poly-L-lysine-coated glass bead columns, and their immunocompetence to DNP on positively and negatively charged carriers was tested by cell transfers in irradiated recipient mice. In this case, the fractionated cells showed reduced response potential to DNP on the positively charged carrier only. Thus, the cellular basis of the net charge phenomenon has been demonstrated for both positively and negatively charged immunogens (for the same specificity) by cell separation techniques over columns of opposite charge. In order to establish whether the cell population relevant for the charge properties of immunogens was of thymus or marrow origin, thymocytes and bone marrow cells were selectively passed over positively or negatively charged columns and mixed with unfractionated cells of the complementary type. Transfers of the filtered and unfiltered cell mixtures in irradiated recipient mice immunized with DNP on either a positive or a negative synthetic polypeptide carrier indicated that fractionation of thymocytes, but not of marrow cells, correlated with the spleen population. Thus, thymocytes fractionated over negatively charged columns and mixed with unfractionated marrow cells exhibited reduced response to DNP on the negative carrier, but normal responses to DNP on the positive carrier. The opposite result was obtained when thymocytes were passed over positively charged columns. No effect on the anti-DNP response was detected by filtration of bone marrow cells over columns of either charge. These findings indicate that it is possible to distinguish between thymocytes on the basis of their capacity to react with more acidic or more basic surfaces and that a population of thymus-derived cells may recognize immunogens on the basis of their overall electrical charge. No evidence was found by these techniques that marrow-derived cells contribute to the net charge phenomenon.
免疫原的净电荷与其引发的抗体之间存在反比关系(1)。早期研究结果表明，净电荷现象具有细胞基础，因为通过在带负电荷的玻璃珠上进行细胞分级分离，小鼠脾细胞对带负电荷的合成多肽载体上的2,4 -二硝基苯基(DNP)的免疫反应潜力降低，而对带正电荷载体上相同半抗原的反应不受影响(14)。为了验证净电荷相关性在细胞水平上是否存在，将脾细胞在带正电荷的聚-L-赖氨酸包被的玻璃珠柱上进行分级分离，并通过将细胞转移到受照射的受体小鼠中，测试它们对带正电荷和负电荷载体上DNP的免疫活性。在这种情况下，分级分离的细胞仅对带正电荷载体上的DNP显示出降低的反应潜力。因此，通过在相反电荷的柱上进行细胞分离技术，已经证明了带正电荷和负电荷免疫原(针对相同特异性)的净电荷现象的细胞基础。为了确定与免疫原电荷特性相关的细胞群体是胸腺来源还是骨髓来源，将胸腺细胞和骨髓细胞选择性地通过带正电荷或负电荷的柱，并与互补类型的未分级细胞混合。在用带正电荷或负电荷的合成多肽载体免疫的受照射受体小鼠中转移过滤和未过滤的细胞混合物表明，胸腺细胞的分级分离与脾细胞群体相关，而骨髓细胞的分级分离则不然。因此，在带负电荷的柱上分级分离并与未分级的骨髓细胞混合的胸腺细胞对负载体上的DNP反应降低，但对正载体上的DNP反应正常。当胸腺细胞通过带正电荷的柱时，得到了相反的结果。通过将骨髓细胞在任何一种电荷的柱上过滤，未检测到对抗DNP反应的影响。这些发现表明，有可能根据胸腺细胞与更酸性或更碱性表面反应的能力来区分它们，并且一群胸腺来源的细胞可能根据免疫原的总电荷来识别免疫原。通过这些技术未发现骨髓来源的细胞对净电荷现象有贡献的证据。
