Anderson E S
Br Med J. 1968 Aug 10;3(5614):333-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5614.333.
A rise in Salmonella typhimurium infection was observed in calves in Britain during 1964-6, follwing the adoption of the intensive farming method. A single phage type of S. typhimurium, type 29, was incriminated as the major pathogen. Attempts to treat and control the disease with a range of antibiotics were ineffective, but resulted in the acquisition of transferable multiple drug resistance by type 29. The transmission of drug-resistant type 29, directly or indirectly, from bovines to man resulted in many human infections. Transferable drug resistance reaching man from enterobacteria of animal origin may ultimately enter specifically human pathogens. Infections such as that caused by type 29 can be eliminated, not by the massive use of antibiotics but by improvement in conditions of animal husbandry and reduction in the opportunities for the initiation and spread of the disease. A reappraisal is needed of the methods of using antibiotics to determine how these methods can be improved, in order to conserve the long-term efficacy of the antibiotics.
1964年至1966年期间，英国采用集约化养殖方法后，观察到犊牛中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染率上升。单一噬菌体类型的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，即29型，被认定为主要病原体。尝试用一系列抗生素治疗和控制该疾病均无效，但导致29型获得了可转移的多重耐药性。耐药性29型直接或间接从牛传播给人类，导致了许多人类感染。来自动物源肠杆菌的可转移耐药性最终可能进入特定的人类病原体。像29型引起的感染，不是通过大量使用抗生素来消除，而是通过改善畜牧业条件和减少疾病发生及传播的机会来消除。需要重新评估使用抗生素的方法，以确定如何改进这些方法，从而保持抗生素的长期疗效。
