Fedorko M E, Hirsch J G, Cohn Z A
J Cell Biol. 1968 Aug;38(2):377-91. doi: 10.1083/jcb.38.2.377.
Mouse macrophages exposed to 30 microg/ml of chloroquine in vitro develop autophagic vacuoles containing various cytoplasmic components and acid phosphatase. The early toxic vacuoles appear in the perinuclear region within 15 min; on electron microscopy, they show irregular shape, amorphous moderately dense content, apparent double membranes, and in some instances curved thin tubular extensions with a central, dark linear element. Cytoplasmic structures are probably transported into the vacuoles by invagination of the vacuolar membrane. After exposure to chloroquine for 1-4 hr, macrophages display large vacuoles containing degraded cytoplasmic structures, membranous whorls, and amorphous material. When chloroquine is removed by changing the culture medium after 4 hr, the cells survive and 24 hr later they exhibit no abnormality except for large cytoplasmic dense bodies packed with membrane lamellae. During recovery chloroquine disappears from the cells. 24 hr after exposure to chloroquine the macrophages have accumulated less hydrolases than control cells.
体外暴露于30微克/毫升氯喹的小鼠巨噬细胞会形成含有各种细胞质成分和酸性磷酸酶的自噬泡。早期毒性泡在15分钟内出现在核周区域；在电子显微镜下，它们呈现不规则形状、无定形的中度致密内容物、明显的双层膜，并且在某些情况下有带有中央深色线性元件的弯曲细管状延伸。细胞质结构可能通过液泡膜内陷被转运到液泡中。暴露于氯喹1 - 4小时后，巨噬细胞显示出含有降解的细胞质结构、膜性涡旋和无定形物质的大液泡。4小时后通过更换培养基去除氯喹时，细胞存活，24小时后除了充满膜片层的大细胞质致密体之外它们没有表现出异常。在恢复过程中氯喹从细胞中消失。暴露于氯喹24小时后，巨噬细胞积累的水解酶比对照细胞少。
