Propst L R
J Pers. 1979 Sep;47(3):530-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1979.tb00631.x.
Zimbardo's deindividuation hypothesis was reexamined by individuating some subjects. Twelve four-person groups administered shock to a confederate in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of social individuation (subjects' level of anonymity to group members), two levels of nonsocial individuation (subjects' opportunity to give identifying information to the experimenter on a word association test) and two levels of individual differences. It was found that subjects, who individuated themselves by giving information to the experimenter on the word association test showed more, not less, antisocial behavior. Furthermore, this increased antisocial behavior was exhibited only by externally oriented subjects: those with an external locus of control and a low mysticism score. Some of those more antisocial subjects were also more likely to report feeling like they stood out from the group. It was concluded that antisocial behavior in this paradigm may thus be a response to experimenter demand felt most strongly when subjects felt most identifiable.
通过使一些受试者个体化，重新检验了津巴多的去个体化假设。十二个四人小组在一个2×2×2析因设计中对一名同盟者施加电击，该设计有两个社会个体化水平（受试者对小组成员的匿名程度）、两个非社会个体化水平（受试者在词语联想测试中向实验者提供身份识别信息的机会）和两个个体差异水平。结果发现，那些在词语联想测试中向实验者提供信息从而使自己个体化的受试者表现出更多而非更少的反社会行为。此外，这种增加的反社会行为仅由外向型受试者表现出来：即那些具有外部控制点且神秘主义得分较低的人。一些反社会行为更严重的受试者也更有可能报告感觉自己在群体中很突出。研究得出结论，在这种范式下的反社会行为可能是受试者在感觉自己最容易被识别时对实验者要求的最强烈反应。
