Shoor P M, Berryhill R E, Benumof J L
J Trauma. 1979 Oct;19(10):772-4.
In order to quantitatively investigate the usefulness of intraosseous fluid and drug administration as a resuscitative modality, we studied the infusion flow rates of crystalloid solutions obtainable at varying infusion pressures into the bovine tibial medullary cavity and time to initial as well as 90% of maximal effect of intraosseously administered vasoactive drugs. Mean infusion rates +/- SEM (n = 6) at 300, 200, and 100 torr and atmosphere + 81 cm H2O were 41 +/- 2, 32 +/- 1, 27 +/-2, and 10 +/- 1 ml/min, respectively. The mean time (+/- SEM) to initial effect of intraosseous injections (n = 6) of either 0.5 mg epinephrine or 50 mg ephedrine was 17 +/- 3 seconds and mean time to 90% of maximal effect was 45 +/- 5 seconds. These results provide a quantitative basis for resuscitation by fluid and drug administration via the tibial malleolar intraosseous route and suggest that when performed in appropriate situations, the technique may have clinical utility.
为了定量研究骨内液体和药物给药作为一种复苏方式的有效性，我们研究了在不同输注压力下可获得的晶体溶液注入牛胫骨骨髓腔的流速，以及骨内注射血管活性药物达到初始效应和最大效应的90%所需的时间。在300、200和100托以及大气压+81厘米水柱下的平均输注速率±标准误（n = 6）分别为41±2、32±1、27±2和10±1毫升/分钟。骨内注射0.5毫克肾上腺素或50毫克麻黄碱达到初始效应的平均时间（±标准误，n = 6）为17±3秒，达到最大效应的90%的平均时间为45±5秒。这些结果为通过胫骨踝骨内途径进行液体和药物复苏提供了定量依据，并表明在适当情况下进行该技术可能具有临床实用性。
