Turner G S, Squires E J, Murray H G
J Hyg (Lond). 1970 Jun;68(2):197-210. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400028679.
Vaccines were prepared from a single pool of high-titred vaccinia virus and inactivated by six methods, namely heat, formalin, hydroxylamine, beta-propiolactone, ultraviolet irradiation, and visible light and methylene blue. Large doses of the vaccines were required to protect mice against intracerebral challenge. Differences in protection were not attributable to the method of their inactivation. The vaccines also induced similar degrees of skin immunity in rabbits which showed no severe dermal reactions when challenged with either homologous killed vaccine or live virus. The virus-neutralizing, haemagglutinin-inhibiting and complement fixing antibody responses to the vaccines differed; heat-inactivation preserved these antigens least well and beta-propiolactone apparently the best. In both rabbits and mice there was little association between the different antibody responses to each vaccine or between the degrees of antibody response and the protection they induced. The relation of these findings to pox-virus immunity and the use of inactivated smallpox vaccine in man is discussed.
疫苗由一批高滴度痘苗病毒制备而成，并通过六种方法进行灭活，即加热、福尔马林、羟胺、β-丙内酯、紫外线照射以及可见光与亚甲蓝处理。需要大剂量的疫苗才能保护小鼠免受脑内攻击。保护效果的差异并非归因于其灭活方法。这些疫苗在兔子身上也诱导了相似程度的皮肤免疫，当用同源灭活疫苗或活病毒攻击时，兔子并未出现严重的皮肤反应。针对这些疫苗的病毒中和、血凝抑制和补体结合抗体反应有所不同；加热灭活对这些抗原的保留效果最差，而β-丙内酯显然是最好的。在兔子和小鼠中，每种疫苗的不同抗体反应之间，或者抗体反应程度与它们所诱导的保护作用之间几乎没有关联。文中讨论了这些发现与痘病毒免疫以及人用灭活天花疫苗使用的关系。
