Davies C T, Thompson M W
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1979 Aug;41(4):233-45. doi: 10.1007/BF00429740.
The aerobic performance of thirteen male ultramarathon and nine female marathon runners were studied in the laboratory and their results were related to their times in events ranging in distance from 5 km to 84.64 km. The mean maximal aerobic power output (VO2 max) of the men was 72.5 ml/kg . min compared with 58.2 ml/kg . min (p less than 0.001) in the women but the O2 cost (VO2) for a given speed or distance of running was the same in both sexes. The 5 km time of the male athletes was closely related to their VO2 max (r = -0.85) during uphill running but was independent of relative power output (%VO2 max). However, with increasing distance the association of VO2 max with male athletic performance diminished (but nevertheless remained significant even at 84.64 km), and the relationship between %VO2 max and time increased. Thus, using multiple regression analysis of the form: 42.2 km (marathon) time (h) = 7.445 - 0.0338 VO2 max (ml/kg . min) - 0.0303% VO2 max (r = 0.993) and 84.64 km (London-Brighton) time (h) = 16.998 - 0.0735 VO2 max (ml/kg . min) - 0.0844% VO2 max (r = 0.996) approximately 98% of the total variance of performance times could be accounted for in the marathon and ultramarathon events. This suggests that other factors such as footwear, clothing, and running technique (Costill, 1972) play a relatively minor role in this group of male distance runners. In the female athletes the intermediate times were not available and they did not compete beyond 42.2 km (marathon) distance but for this event a similar association though less in magnitude was found with VO2 max (r = -0.43) and %VO2 max (= -0.49). The male athletes were able to sustain 82% VO2 max (range 80--87%) in 42.2 km and 67% VO2 max (range 53--76%) in 84.64 km event. The comparable figure for the firls in the marathon was 79% VO2 max (ranges 68--86%). Our data suggests that success at the marathon and ultramarathon distances is crucially and (possibly) solely dependent on the development and utilisation of a large VO2 max.
对13名男性超级马拉松运动员和9名女性马拉松运动员的有氧能力进行了实验室研究，并将他们的测试结果与他们在5公里至84.64公里不同距离赛事中的成绩进行关联分析。男性的平均最大有氧功率输出（最大摄氧量）为72.5毫升/千克·分钟，而女性为58.2毫升/千克·分钟（p小于0.001），但男女在给定跑步速度或距离下的耗氧量（摄氧量）是相同的。男性运动员的5公里跑成绩与他们上坡跑时的最大摄氧量密切相关（r = -0.85），但与相对功率输出（最大摄氧量百分比）无关。然而，随着距离增加，最大摄氧量与男性运动成绩之间的关联减弱（但即使在84.64公里时仍具有显著性），最大摄氧量百分比与跑步时间之间的关系增强。因此，通过多元回归分析形式：42.2公里（马拉松）用时（小时）= 7.445 - 0.0338最大摄氧量（毫升/千克·分钟）- 0.0303最大摄氧量百分比（r = 0.993）以及84.64公里（伦敦 - 布莱顿）用时（小时）= 16.998 - 0.0735最大摄氧量（毫升/千克·分钟）- 0.0844最大摄氧量百分比（r = 0.996），在马拉松和超级马拉松赛事中，约98%的成绩总方差可以得到解释。这表明，诸如鞋类、服装和跑步技术（科斯蒂尔，1972年）等其他因素在这组男性长跑运动员中所起的作用相对较小。在女性运动员中，没有中间距离的成绩数据，且她们没有参加超过42.2公里（马拉松）距离的比赛，但对于该赛事，发现最大摄氧量（r = -0.43）和最大摄氧量百分比（r = -0.49）与之有类似关联，不过关联程度较小。男性运动员在42.2公里比赛中能够维持82%的最大摄氧量（范围为80 - 87%），在84.64公里比赛中能够维持67%的最大摄氧量（范围为53 - 76%）。女性在马拉松比赛中的相应数据为79%的最大摄氧量（范围为68 - 86%）。我们的数据表明，在马拉松和超级马拉松距离的比赛中取得成功至关重要且（可能）完全取决于能否培养和利用较大的最大摄氧量。
