Finland M, Garner C, Wilcox C, Sabath L D
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976 Feb;9(2):274-87. doi: 10.1128/AAC.9.2.274.
Strains of Diplococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were tested for susceptibility to numerous antibiotics by a twofold agar dilution method using an inocula replicator. Undiluted, fully grown broth cultures were used as inocula for both species, and cultures of pneumococci diluted 1:1,000 were also tested. The antibiotics included most of those in common use in the United States as well as some chemical modifications recently approved and others that are under investigation. The most striking aspect of the results was the marked susceptibility of the pneumococci to all the antibiotics tested except the polymyxins and most of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, although some new aminoglycosides were active in quite low concentrations. Some of the strains of pneumococci were of decreased susceptibility to penicillin G (minimal inhibitory concentrations, 0.2 to 0.4 mug/ml), but none were tetracycline resistant, although such strains had been reported previously from this laboratory. The strains of H. influenzae, which were all serologically nontypable, exhibited different patterns of susceptibility to the groups of antibiotics and to the individual chemically related ones. None of these strains (isolated early in 1972) were ampicillin resistant. The most active agents against H. influenzae were: carbenicillin and ampicillin, analogues related to each of them, rifampin, chloramphenicol, and the polymyxins. However, the tetracycline analogues other than tetracycline, some aminoglycosides, notably tobramycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and verdamicin, erythromycin, and some new lincomycin analogues were also active in low concentrations. Trimethoprim alone was highly active, and in combination with sulfamethoxazole it was even more active and synergistic against strains of both D. pneumoniae and H. influenzae.
采用接种复制器，通过两倍琼脂稀释法对肺炎双球菌和流感嗜血杆菌菌株进行了多种抗生素敏感性测试。两种菌均使用未稀释的、生长完全的肉汤培养物作为接种物，同时也测试了稀释1:1000的肺炎球菌培养物。所测试的抗生素包括美国常用的大多数抗生素，以及最近批准的一些化学修饰物和其他正在研究的抗生素。结果最显著的方面是，除多粘菌素和大多数氨基糖苷类抗生素外，肺炎球菌对所有测试抗生素均表现出显著敏感性，不过一些新的氨基糖苷类抗生素在极低浓度下也有活性。部分肺炎球菌菌株对青霉素G的敏感性降低（最低抑菌浓度为0.2至0.4微克/毫升），但无一株对四环素耐药，尽管本实验室此前曾报告过此类菌株。所有血清学不可分型的流感嗜血杆菌菌株，对各类抗生素以及各化学相关抗生素表现出不同的敏感性模式。这些菌株（于1972年初分离）均对氨苄西林不耐药。对流感嗜血杆菌最具活性的药物有：羧苄西林、氨苄西林及其各自的类似物、利福平、氯霉素和多粘菌素。然而，除四环素外的四环素类似物、一些氨基糖苷类抗生素，尤其是妥布霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素和弗氏霉素、红霉素以及一些新的林可霉素类似物在低浓度下也有活性。单独使用甲氧苄啶活性很高，与磺胺甲恶唑联合使用时，对肺炎双球菌和流感嗜血杆菌菌株活性更强且具有协同作用。
