Purtilo D T, Sullivan J L
Am J Dis Child. 1979 Dec;133(12):1251-3. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1979.02130120043008.
Evolutionary selection has equipped females with immunoregulatory genes on the X chromosome for coping with life-threatening illness. Five immunodeficiency syndromes occur solely in males, suggesting that they arise from mutant immunoregulatory genes located on the X chromosome. These syndromes, although rare, could contribute to poorer survival of males. Females have higher serum IgM concentrations, superior ability to form antibodies to infectious agents, and experience a lower incidence of viral and bacterial infectious diseases. Preponderance of autoimmune disorders in females could arise from modified immune responses owing to estrogens. Clinical and animal studies indicate that male hormones suppress autoantibody production whereas female hormones support their production. Superior immunocompetence and survival of females is based, in part, on their being protected from mutant immunoregulatory genes located on the X chromosome.
进化选择使女性在X染色体上具备免疫调节基因，以应对危及生命的疾病。五种免疫缺陷综合征仅发生在男性身上，这表明它们源于位于X染色体上的突变免疫调节基因。这些综合征虽然罕见，但可能导致男性存活率较低。女性血清IgM浓度较高，形成针对感染因子抗体的能力更强，且病毒和细菌感染性疾病的发病率较低。女性自身免疫性疾病的优势可能源于雌激素导致的免疫反应改变。临床和动物研究表明，雄性激素抑制自身抗体产生，而雌性激素则促进其产生。女性卓越的免疫能力和存活率部分基于她们免受位于X染色体上的突变免疫调节基因的影响。
