Freestone D S
Dev Biol Stand. 1979;43:339-48.
The benefits and risks of rubella vaccine differ with the programme of vaccination adopted. Programmes in which vaccine is primarily administered to girls aged 11 to 13 years are slow in achieving effects on the incidence of congenital rubella because of the 10 year delay between vaccination and peak child-bearing. In Britain an increase in the percentage of women rubella antibody seropositive and a fall in the numbers of pregnancies terminated for rubella have occurred following the introduction of vaccination for 13 year old girls in 1970. The majority of women will continue to be protected by the sturdy immunity elicited by natural infection occurring before vaccination. Programmes which vaccinate boys and girls before school entry aim to shield pregnant women from infection and are more rapid in effects. However, in such populations immunity becomes predominantly vaccine induced, while vaccination at an earlier age requires the immunity to be more durable. In general, reactions to rubella vaccine increase with the age of the vaccine. Nevertheless, there are few significant reactions to vaccine and for the individual vaccinee the risks of vaccination are low.
风疹疫苗的益处和风险因所采用的疫苗接种计划而异。主要对11至13岁女孩接种疫苗的计划，由于接种疫苗与生育高峰期之间有10年的间隔，在降低先天性风疹发病率方面起效缓慢。在英国，自1970年对13岁女孩实施疫苗接种后，风疹抗体血清阳性的女性比例有所上升，因风疹而终止妊娠的数量有所下降。大多数女性将继续受到接种疫苗前自然感染所产生的强大免疫力的保护。在入学前对男孩和女孩进行疫苗接种的计划旨在保护孕妇免受感染，且起效更快。然而，在这类人群中，免疫力主要由疫苗诱导产生，而在较早年龄接种疫苗则要求免疫力更持久。一般来说，对风疹疫苗的反应会随着接种者年龄的增长而增加。尽管如此，疫苗的严重反应很少，对于个体接种者而言，接种疫苗的风险较低。
