Koegel R L, Schreibman L, Britten K, Laitinen R
J Autism Dev Disord. 1979 Dec;9(4):383-96. doi: 10.1007/BF01531446.
Recent research demonstrated that when autistic children are presented a discrimination task with multiple cues, they typically respond to an abnormally limited number, usually one, of the available cues. This phenomenon, termed "stimulus overselectivity," has been implicated as a possible basis for many of the behavioral deficits characteristic of autism. The present investigation was conducted to systemically analyze the effects of changing the schedules of reinforcement during discrimination training on subsequent stimulus overselectivity. Twelve autistic children were taught a discrimination involving multiple visual cues, with a CRF schedule of reinforcement. The children were then overtrained on either the same (CRF) schedule or on a partial (VR:3) reinforcement schedule. Subsequent overselectivity on single-cue test trials was then assessed. Results suggested that significantly less overselectivity occurred when the children were presented with the VR:3 reinforcement schedule during overtraining. These results are discussed in terms of variables influencing overselectivity and in terms of implications for designing treatment procedures for autistic children.
最近的研究表明，当自闭症儿童面对具有多个线索的辨别任务时，他们通常对数量异常有限（通常是一个）的可用线索做出反应。这种现象被称为“刺激过度选择性”，被认为可能是自闭症许多行为缺陷的基础。本研究旨在系统分析在辨别训练期间改变强化程序对后续刺激过度选择性的影响。12名自闭症儿童接受了涉及多个视觉线索的辨别训练，并采用连续强化程序。然后，这些儿童在相同的（连续强化）程序或部分（可变比率为3）强化程序上进行过度训练。随后评估单线索测试试验中的过度选择性。结果表明，在过度训练期间，当儿童接受可变比率为3的强化程序时，过度选择性显著降低。本文从影响过度选择性的变量以及对自闭症儿童治疗程序设计的影响方面对这些结果进行了讨论。
