火星挥发性物质与假定的风化层矿物的多相反应。

Heterogeneous phase reactions of Martian volatiles with putative regolith minerals.

作者信息

Clark B C, Kenley S L, O'Brien D L, Huss G R, Mack R, Baird A K

出版信息

J Mol Evol. 1979 Dec;14(1-3):91-102. doi: 10.1007/BF01732371.

Abstract

The chemical reactivity of several minerals thought to be present in Martian fines is tested with respect to gases known in the Martian atmosphere. In these experiments, liquid water is excluded from the system, environmental temperatures are maintained below 0 degrees C, and the solar illumination spectrum is stimulated in the visible and UV using a Xenon arc lamp. Reactions are detected by mass spectrometric analysis of the gas phase over solid samples. No reactions were detected for Mars nominal gas over sulfates, nitrates, chloride, nontronite clay, or magnetitie. Oxidation was not observed for basaltic glass, nontronite, and magnetite. However, experiments incorporating SO2 gas--an expected product of volcanism and intrusive volatile release--gave positive results. Displacement of CO2 by SO2 occurred in all four carbonates tested. These reactions are catalyzed by irradiation with the solar simulator. A calcium nitrate hydrate released NO2 in the presence of SO2. These results have implications for cycling of atmospheric CO2, H2O, and N2 through the regolith.

摘要

针对火星大气中已知的气体，对几种被认为存在于火星细粒中的矿物质的化学反应性进行了测试。在这些实验中，系统中不包含液态水，环境温度保持在0摄氏度以下，并用氙弧灯在可见光和紫外光下模拟太阳光照光谱。通过对固体样品上方气相进行质谱分析来检测反应。对于火星标称气体与硫酸盐、硝酸盐、氯化物、绿脱石粘土或磁铁矿之间，未检测到反应。玄武岩玻璃、绿脱石和磁铁矿未观察到氧化现象。然而，包含二氧化硫气体（火山活动和侵入性挥发物释放的预期产物）的实验得到了阳性结果。在所测试的所有四种碳酸盐中，二氧化硫都置换了二氧化碳。这些反应由太阳模拟器的辐照催化。一种硝酸钙水合物在有二氧化硫存在的情况下释放出二氧化氮。这些结果对大气中的二氧化碳、水和氮气通过风化层的循环具有启示意义。