Richards R, Richards D, Schofield P J, Ross V, Sutton J R
Med J Aust. 1979 Nov 3;2(9):453-7.
The hazards experienced by fun runners in Sydney's The Sun City-to-Surf run are principally physical, environmental and medical. The organizers of the event, advised by a representative of the Australian Sports Medicine Federation (N.S.W.), have progressively increased the implementation of the recommendations which were made after the inaugural run in 1971 in the areas of improved organization, competitor education, medical support, recording of competitor data, and conducting the event in cool weather. To ensure the maximum safety of the runners, the number of whom has increased from approximately 1650 in 1971 to 16200 in 1979, additional measurees have been taken. These were (i) the introduction of "spotters" with experience in sports medicine to identify and advise exhausted runners before they collapse; (ii) staffing the run's medical centre with medical and nursing specialists in intensive care; (iii) improved management of heat exhaustion; and (iv) conducting education seminars after the run to make recommendations for improving subsequent events. Since 1971, there has been a progressive reduction in the number of casualties. The incidence of casualties treated in the medical centre fell from 1.76% in 1971 to 0.1% in 1979; and the incidence of those requiring further treatment in hospital fell from 0.42% in 1971 to 0.01% in 1979. None of the participants had suffered severe complications of heat exhaustion. Improvements in the management of heat exhaustion (the most common cause of collapse) which made the use of iced water (hiterto traditional method of cooling casualties with hyperthermia) unnecessary have reduced the risk of using electrical equipment in wet surroundings. The over-all reduction in the incidence and morbidity of collapse casualties is due to a combination of factors. These factors and possibilities of further reduction of hazards are discussed.
悉尼“太阳城到海滩”长跑活动中趣味跑者所面临的风险主要包括身体方面、环境方面和医疗方面。该活动的组织者在澳大利亚运动医学联合会（新南威尔士州）一名代表的建议下，逐步加强了对1971年首届长跑活动后所提建议的执行力度，这些建议涉及改进组织工作、对参赛者进行教育、提供医疗支持、记录参赛者数据以及在凉爽天气举办活动等方面。为确保跑步者的最大安全，跑步者人数已从1971年的约1650人增加到1979年的16200人，为此还采取了额外措施。这些措施包括：（i）引入有运动医学经验的“观察员”，以便在疲惫的跑步者倒下之前识别并提供建议；（ii）为长跑活动的医疗中心配备重症监护方面的医学和护理专家；（iii）改进对中暑衰竭的管理；（iv）长跑活动结束后举办教育研讨会，为改进后续活动提出建议。自1971年以来，伤亡人数逐渐减少。在医疗中心接受治疗的伤亡发生率从1971年的1.76%降至1979年的0.1%；需要住院进一步治疗的发生率从1971年的0.42%降至1979年的0.01%。没有一名参与者遭受中暑衰竭的严重并发症。对中暑衰竭（最常见的倒下原因）管理方法的改进使得使用冰水（此前用于给体温过高的伤亡者降温的传统方法）变得不再必要，从而降低了在潮湿环境中使用电气设备的风险。倒下伤亡者的发生率和发病率总体下降是多种因素共同作用的结果。本文讨论了这些因素以及进一步降低风险的可能性。
