Fox A S, Yoon S B
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Nov;67(3):1608-15. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.3.1608.
The genetic changes induced in Drosophila melanogaster by DNA obtained from flies differing at specified genetic loci exhibit the general features of transformation, namely locus specificity and heritability. These properties have provided the basis for the establishment of transformed stocks. The phenomenon also exhibits striking special features, prominent among which is the observation that transformed individuals are always mosaics and that whole-body transformants are absent even in established stocks. The exosome model (which proposes that DNA segments enter the cells of treated individuals and become firmly associated with their homologous chromosome segments, but are never integrated into the linear structure of the chromosome) is formulated to fit these observations.
从特定基因位点存在差异的果蝇中获取的DNA在黑腹果蝇中诱导产生的基因变化呈现出转化的一般特征，即位点特异性和遗传性。这些特性为建立转化品系提供了基础。该现象还呈现出显著的特殊特征，其中突出的一点是观察到转化个体总是嵌合体，即使在已建立的品系中也不存在全身转化体。外泌体模型（该模型提出DNA片段进入处理过的个体细胞并与它们的同源染色体片段牢固结合，但从不整合到染色体的线性结构中）就是为符合这些观察结果而构建的。
