Williams B A
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1979 Oct;5(4):379-96. doi: 10.1037//0097-7403.5.4.379.
Experiment 1 investigated component duration in a four-component multiple schedule designed to separate the effects of the preceding schedule of reinforcement from those of the following schedule of reinforcement. The preceding schedule in the preceding component had no consistent effect regardless of component duration. The following schedule was a powerful determinant of behavior, however, with higher response rates resulting from a following period of extinction. Moreover, the effect of the following schedule was greater with short component durations, which strongly suggests that component-duration effects previously found with multiple schedules are due generally to variation in the degree of control by the following schedule. Experiments 2--4 investigated the basis of the effects of the following schedule. In some situations differential responding in the following component was the controlling variable, but in others it was differential reinforcement in the following component. The results are consistent with the view that response rate during a stimulus is inversely related to the "value" of the following component, where the calculation of value must include both primary and conditioned reinforcement.
实验1在一个由四个部分组成的多重计划中研究了各部分的时长，该计划旨在将先前强化计划的效果与后续强化计划的效果区分开来。无论部分时长如何，前一部分中的先前计划都没有一致的效果。然而，后续计划是行为的一个有力决定因素，后续的消退期会导致更高的反应率。此外，部分时长较短时，后续计划的效果更大，这有力地表明，先前在多重计划中发现的部分时长效应通常是由于后续计划控制程度的变化所致。实验2至4研究了后续计划效果的基础。在某些情况下，后续部分的差异反应是控制变量，但在其他情况下，是后续部分的差异强化。结果与以下观点一致：刺激期间的反应率与后续部分的“价值”成反比，其中价值的计算必须包括初级强化和条件强化。
