Simon J R, Sudalaimuthu P
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1979 Feb;5(1):176-87. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.5.1.176.
Forty subjects performed a choice reaction time task in which the stimulus was the word Red or Green printed in either red or green ink. Subjects responded verbally in one block of trials and by key pressing in another block. For one group, ink color was the relevant cue, and for another group, the word was the relevant cue. Half of the subjects in each group were instructed to make the response that corresponded to the relevant cue (compatible S-R [stimulus-response] mapping); the other half were instructed to make the response that did not correspond (incompatible S-R mapping). In general, subjects who performed under compatible S-R mapping instructions reacted faster when the irrelevant cue corresponded to the response than when it did not. In contrast, subjects show performed under incompatible S-R mapping instructions reacted faster when there was a lack of correspondence between the irrelevant cue and the response than when there was correspondence. Results were consistent with a notion of logical recoding; that is, that instructing subjects to recode the relevant cue into the alternate color may have caused them to recode the irrelevant cue in the same logical manner. Results might also be interpreted to suggest that the Stroop effect is related to congruence between the relevant and the irrelevant cues rather than to correspondence between the irrelevant cue and the response.
40名受试者完成了一项选择反应时任务，其中刺激物是用红色或绿色墨水打印的“红色”或“绿色”字样。受试者在一组试验中口头回答，在另一组试验中通过按键回答。对于一组，墨水颜色是相关线索；对于另一组，单词是相关线索。每组中有一半的受试者被指示做出与相关线索相对应的反应（兼容的刺激-反应[S-R]映射）；另一半被指示做出不对应的反应（不兼容的S-R映射）。一般来说，在兼容的S-R映射指令下执行任务的受试者，当无关线索与反应相对应时比不对应时反应更快。相比之下，在不兼容的S-R映射指令下执行任务的受试者，当无关线索与反应不对应时比对应时反应更快。结果与逻辑重新编码的概念一致；也就是说，指示受试者将相关线索重新编码为另一种颜色可能导致他们以相同的逻辑方式对无关线索进行重新编码。结果也可能被解释为表明斯特鲁普效应与相关线索和无关线索之间的一致性有关，而不是与无关线索和反应之间的对应性有关。
