Nosek J, Grulich I
Bull World Health Organ. 1967;36 Suppl(Suppl 1):31-47.
The basic problem in the study of tick-borne virus diseases is to establish where the virus is maintained in nature. In general, this focus will be found where there are large and relatively stable populations of ticks, small rodents and insectivores. In the Tribec region the principal vector of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is Ixodes ricinus, although other species can circulate the virus under suitable conditions. The virus can persist during winter either in starving nymphs or adults or in non-starving larvae or nymphs. It can also persist in hibernating mammals, but this is a less important mechanism. Among the mammals, the insectivores (hedgehogs, shrews and moles) and certain rodents are hosts of ticks and reservoirs of TBE virus of great importance. During spring, game and farm animals play an important role and birds are important hosts when the number of small mammals is low. Thus the survival of TBE virus depends on a complex interaction of varying populations of tick vectors and vertebrate hosts that occur in different habitats influenced by different environmental conditions.
蜱传病毒病研究中的基本问题是确定病毒在自然界中的保存位置。一般来说，在蜱、小型啮齿动物和食虫动物数量众多且相对稳定的地方会找到这个重点区域。在特里贝克地区，蜱传脑炎（TBE）的主要传播媒介是蓖麻硬蜱，不过其他种类在适宜条件下也能传播该病毒。病毒可在冬季于饥饿的若虫或成虫中，或在不饥饿的幼虫或若虫中持续存在。它也能在冬眠的哺乳动物体内持续存在，但这是一种不太重要的机制。在哺乳动物中，食虫动物（刺猬、鼩鼱和鼹鼠）以及某些啮齿动物是蜱的宿主和非常重要的TBE病毒储存宿主。在春季，猎物和农场动物发挥重要作用，而当小型哺乳动物数量较少时鸟类是重要宿主。因此，TBE病毒的存活取决于在受不同环境条件影响的不同栖息地中，蜱传播媒介和脊椎动物宿主不同种群之间的复杂相互作用。
