Thompson A, Halbert S P, Smith U
J Exp Med. 1970 Apr 1;131(4):745-63. doi: 10.1084/jem.131.4.745.
Pulsating mammalian myocardial cells were found to be highly susceptible in tissue culture to rapid destruction by streptolysin O. Cessation of beating occurred almost immediately, followed within minutes by multiple cell membrane bleb formation. Parallel with these changes, the cytoplasm became intensely granular and the nuclear membrane apparently thickened when viewed by phase microscopy. At the ultrastructural level, the cell membrane blebs were found to contain relatively small numbers of granular fragments. The endoplasmic reticulum of damaged heart cells was quite swollen, and its contents were considerably condensed. The myofibers were not strikingly altered, but cytoplasmic and mitochondria vacuoles were rather abundant. Cardiac endothelial, kidney epithelial, and fibroblast cells were also susceptible to lysis by this toxin, but the reactions occurred more slowly or bleb formation was less evident. An antiserotonin drug known to be protective against streptolysin-O in vivo (UML-491), did not protect against killing of cardiac cells at the tissue culture level. Serotonin could not be detected in the culture fluid after lysis of cardiac cells by streptolysin O.
研究发现，搏动的哺乳动物心肌细胞在组织培养中对链球菌溶血素O的快速破坏高度敏感。搏动几乎立即停止，几分钟内便出现多个细胞膜泡形成。与此同时，在相差显微镜下观察，细胞质变得颗粒状明显，核膜明显增厚。在超微结构水平上，发现细胞膜泡含有相对少量的颗粒碎片。受损心脏细胞的内质网明显肿胀，其内容物显著浓缩。肌纤维没有明显改变，但细胞质和线粒体中的空泡相当丰富。心脏内皮细胞、肾上皮细胞和成纤维细胞也易受这种毒素的溶解作用影响，但反应发生得较慢或膜泡形成不太明显。一种已知在体内对链球菌溶血素O有保护作用的抗血清素药物（UML-491），在组织培养水平上并不能保护心脏细胞不被杀死。在链球菌溶血素O溶解心脏细胞后，培养液中检测不到血清素。
