Adams G E, Dische S, Fowler J F, Thomlinson R H
Lancet. 1976 Jan 24;1(7952):186-8. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91285-x.
Solid tumours contain poorly oxygenated cells, and these are disproportionately resistant to therapeutic radiation. Several methods of overcoming this problem have been used clinically, including the administration of hyperbaric oxygen during irradiation, radiotherapy with heavy nuclear particles such as neutrons from cyclotrons, optimum size and spacing of multiple doses of conventional radiation, and, most recently, chemical radiosensitisers. These radiosensitisers mimic the sensitising effect of oxygen and are active only against hypoxic cells. They do not, therefore, increase radiation response in well-oxygenated normal tissues. They are not rapidly metabollised and so can penetrate further than oxygen from the vascular capillaries and effectively reach the hypoxic cells in the tumour. Some of these drugs are of considerable clinical promise. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies with radiosensitisers are summarised and preliminary clinical work is described.
实体瘤含有低氧细胞，这些细胞对放射治疗具有不成比例的抗性。临床上已经使用了几种克服这个问题的方法，包括在照射期间给予高压氧、用重核粒子（如回旋加速器产生的中子）进行放射治疗、多剂量常规辐射的最佳大小和间隔，以及最近使用的化学放射增敏剂。这些放射增敏剂模拟氧气的增敏作用，并且仅对缺氧细胞有活性。因此，它们不会增加氧合良好的正常组织的放射反应。它们不会迅速代谢，因此可以比血管毛细血管中的氧气渗透得更远，并有效地到达肿瘤中的缺氧细胞。其中一些药物具有相当大的临床应用前景。总结了放射增敏剂的体外和体内研究结果，并描述了初步的临床工作。
