Lindgren G
Ann Hum Biol. 1979 Nov-Dec;6(6):559-84. doi: 10.1080/03014467900003941.
The relationship between spurts in height and in mental performance was studied by following a sample of Swedish urban schoolchildren from age 10 to 14 years. The children were grouped into early, average and late maturers with peak height velocity age (PHV age) as the criterion. A mental arithmetic test was administered once a year from grade 3 to 7 inclusive (10-14 years). Gain/year and level of performance were analysed both for a pure longitudinal sample (examined every year) and for mixed longitudinal samples. Early- and average-maturing girls had a maximum gain/year in performance about one year earlier than late-maturing girls. In boys, only early maturers seemed to have a peak in performance gain. Results from mixed longitudinal analysis indicated that gain/year curves were different for girls and boys. In level of performance, late-maturing girls were inferior to average and early maturers. No differences between maturity groups were found for boys. Girls were superior to boys in grade 5 (age 12) and grade 6 (age 13) in level of performance. Social background had a great impact on level of mental performance measured by this test. The relative influence of physical maturation and social background on level of mental performance was approximated as the ratio of the mean difference in test scores between early and late maturers to the mean difference between social group I + II and social group III. The ratio fluctuated over the grades 3 through 7; physical maturity seemed to have the greatest effect in grade 5 (age 12) for girls and in grade 7 (age 14) for boys.
通过对一组瑞典城市学童从10岁到14岁进行跟踪研究，探讨了身高突增与智力表现之间的关系。根据身高速度峰值年龄（PHV年龄）这一标准，将儿童分为早熟、正常成熟和晚熟三组。从三年级到七年级（10 - 14岁），每年进行一次心算测试。对纯纵向样本（每年都接受检查）和混合纵向样本的每年成绩增长情况及表现水平进行了分析。早熟和正常成熟的女孩在成绩上每年的最大增长比晚熟女孩早约一年。在男孩中，只有早熟者似乎在成绩增长上有一个峰值。混合纵向分析的结果表明，女孩和男孩的每年成绩增长曲线不同。在表现水平上，晚熟女孩低于正常成熟和早熟女孩。未发现男孩在成熟组之间存在差异。在五年级（12岁）和六年级（13岁）时，女孩在表现水平上优于男孩。社会背景对通过该测试衡量的智力表现水平有很大影响。身体成熟和社会背景对智力表现水平的相对影响近似为早熟和晚熟者测试分数平均差异与社会群体I + II和社会群体III之间平均差异的比值。该比值在三年级到七年级之间波动；身体成熟似乎对女孩在五年级（12岁）和男孩在七年级（14岁）时影响最大。
