Tinnefeld L, Haase J, Museteanu C
Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1977 Apr;237(4):453-69.
During the production of yellow fever virus 17 D vaccine from chick embryos, few embryos die in the time between injection of the eggs and harvest of the embryos. In order to answer the question whether the death of the embryos is due to the infection or to the injury caused by the injection, it is necessary to examine the embryos macro- and microscopically for pathological changes. 8 and 9 days old chick embryos were inoculated into the amniotic cavity with different concentrations of yellow fever virus 17 D (table 1). The embryos were removed from the eggs between the 2nd and 7th day after inoculation. Heart, lung, kidney, brain, liver, and spleen were removed. Macroscopically observable pathological symptoms of the embryos and their organs were recorded. Sections of the organs were histologically investigated. Some embryos died soon after the infection, others on the 5th and 6th day of incubation (table 2). Their death was dependent on the dosage of the inoculum. Macroscopically, some embryos showed oedemas, petechiae on head and trunk, haemorrhages of liver and kidney, enlargement of liver and spleen, and a yellow discolouration of the liver (table 3). Microscopically, liver and brain showed the greatest pathological changes; heart and kidney were also affected, whereas lungs and spleen seemed to be unaffected. The following pathological changes were observed: slight fatty degeneration, oedemas, vascular inflammation, perivascular infiltrates, diffuse infiltrations, infiltrations in form of small nodules and necroses (table 3 and figures 1-12). the severity of the symptoms was evaluated using arbitrary units. These units are summarized on table 3 according to time of occurrence p.i., to virus dilution, to organ, and to type of symptom. An index of pathological changes was allived by dividing the sum of units by the number of organs. The maximum value of the index was demonstrable in liver and brain (table 4). Figure 13 adn table 5 show the development of the lesions during the infection. The maximum value of the index was reached on the 5th day p.i. The most significant pathological changes, as necrosis and perivascular infiltrate, were mainly observed from the 5th day p.i. on (table 6). The perivascular infiltrates were found in heart and brain, the necroses in brain and liver (table 7).
在从鸡胚生产黄热病病毒17D疫苗的过程中，在给鸡蛋接种到收获胚体的这段时间里，很少有胚体死亡。为了回答胚体死亡是由于感染还是注射造成的损伤这一问题，有必要对胚体进行大体和显微镜检查以查看病理变化。将8日龄和9日龄的鸡胚通过羊膜腔接种不同浓度的黄热病病毒17D（表1）。在接种后第2天至第7天之间从鸡蛋中取出胚体。取出心脏、肺、肾、脑、肝和脾。记录胚体及其器官的大体可见病理症状。对器官切片进行组织学研究。一些胚体在感染后很快死亡，其他的在孵化的第5天和第6天死亡（表2）。它们的死亡取决于接种物的剂量。大体上，一些胚体出现水肿、头部和躯干有瘀点、肝和肾出血、肝和脾肿大以及肝脏发黄（表3）。显微镜下，肝脏和脑显示出最严重的病理变化；心脏和肾也受到影响，而肺和脾似乎未受影响。观察到以下病理变化：轻度脂肪变性、水肿、血管炎症、血管周围浸润、弥漫性浸润、小结节形式的浸润和坏死（表3及图1 - 12）。症状的严重程度用任意单位评估。这些单位根据感染后天数、病毒稀释度、器官和症状类型总结在表3中。通过将单位总和除以器官数量得出病理变化指数。该指数的最大值在肝脏和脑中可见（表4）。图13和表5显示了感染期间病变的发展情况。感染后天数第5天达到指数最大值。最显著的病理变化，如坏死和血管周围浸润，主要在感染后天数第5天及以后观察到（表6）。血管周围浸润见于心脏和脑，坏死见于脑和肝（表7）。
