Welte M
Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1976 Dec;236(4):439-63.
Two different experiments were set up in order to test the efficiency of 281 mice which had been infected intracerebrally with yellow fever virus 17 D of various dilutions (10(-1)-10(-5)); the tests were run after two time periods (40--55 days after infection = I. date, and 97 and 160 days after infection = II. date). In the first experimental set-up the animals were to find their food in a labyrinth- after 24 hours without food, (Labyrinth Experiment, Fig. 1). The time was taken from the moment when the mouse was put into the cage until the moment when it ate from the food. 4.37 min, were considered to be "standard time". In the second experiment the mice were placed on a horizontal rod rotating round an axle (Rotating Rod Experiment, Fig. 2 a,b,c). The time was measured for how long the animals could stay on the rod. 90/10 sec., were ascertained as "standard time". The following results were obtained. The difference in time regarding the I. and II. date is clearly noticed by the experiment with the rotating rod. The performance time of the animals was almost doubled after the 2nd time period (Table 4a and b, Fig. 3a and b), i.e. the animals could stay on the rod almost twice as long as after the first time period, which means that the recovery process of the animals can be measured by means of the rod experiment. In this respect the experiment with the labyrinth is less suitable. The recovery of the animals as well as the residual damages depended on the inoculated virus dilutions (Table 5a and b, Fig. 4a and b, Tables 7 and 8, Fig 21a and b). The histologic findings of the animals show lesions in all regions of the Central Nerve System (Fig 6-20, Table 2). The deficiencies of the animals which are due to diffuse damages of the Central Nerve System are demonstrated by the rotating rod experiment, whereas the labyrinth experiment verifies the shortcomings of the cornu ammonis (olfactory brain). The rotating rod experiment is the more sensitive of the two models as the majority of the lesions are distributed diffusely on the Central Nervous System. The severe lesions of the Central Nerve System which are supported by histologic findings - even 160 days after infection, are confirmed by the deficiencies in the performance processes of the animals (delayed damages). Discussion have taken place regarding whether the experimental results of the animals can be applied to assessing latent or delayed damages in children after an encephalitis. The latter could concern in how far the course of an encephalitis depends on the originating virus dosis and could also relate to the development of delayed damages. The knowledge regarding the formation of delayed damages, their assessment as well as the prevention of encephalitis in infants would thus be greatly improved. In order to judge therapeutic measures on animals the rotating rod experiment appears to be very suitable since each stage of the illness enables an assessment of the state of the disease.
为测试281只经脑内接种不同稀释度（10⁻¹ - 10⁻⁵）黄热病毒17D感染的小鼠的效率，进行了两项不同实验；实验在两个时间段后进行（感染后40 - 55天 = 第一个日期，感染后97天和160天 = 第二个日期）。在第一个实验设置中，动物要在迷宫中寻找食物——禁食24小时后（迷宫实验，图1）。记录从将小鼠放入笼中到其开始进食的时间。4.37分钟被视为“标准时间”。在第二个实验中，将小鼠置于绕轴旋转的水平杆上（旋转杆实验，图2a、b、c）。测量动物能在杆上停留的时间。90/10秒被确定为“标准时间”。得到了以下结果。通过旋转杆实验能明显注意到第一个日期和第二个日期在时间上的差异。在第二个时间段后，动物的表现时间几乎翻倍（表4a和b，图3a和b），即动物在杆上停留的时间几乎是第一个时间段后的两倍，这意味着动物的恢复过程可以通过杆实验来衡量。在这方面，迷宫实验不太适用。动物的恢复情况以及残留损伤取决于接种的病毒稀释度（表5a和b，图4a和b，表7和8，图21a和b）。动物的组织学检查结果显示中枢神经系统所有区域均有病变（图6 - 20，表2）。旋转杆实验证明了由于中枢神经系统弥漫性损伤导致的动物缺陷，而迷宫实验则验证了海马（嗅脑）的缺陷。旋转杆实验是两种模型中更敏感的，因为大多数病变分散分布在中枢神经系统。组织学检查结果支持的中枢神经系统严重病变——即使在感染后160天，也通过动物表现过程中的缺陷（延迟损伤）得到证实。已经就是否可以将动物实验结果应用于评估儿童脑炎后的潜在或延迟损伤进行了讨论。后者可能涉及脑炎的病程在多大程度上取决于初始病毒剂量，也可能与延迟损伤的发展有关。因此，关于延迟损伤的形成、其评估以及婴儿脑炎的预防等方面的知识将得到极大改善。为了评估对动物的治疗措施，旋转杆实验似乎非常合适，因为疾病的每个阶段都能对疾病状态进行评估。
