Beckwith L, Sigman M, Cohen S E, Parmelee A H
Dev Psychobiol. 1977 Nov;10(6):543-54. doi: 10.1002/dev.420100608.
Data on vocal output of 51 preterm infants and 16 term infants were obtained during naturalistic home observations at 1, 3, and 8 months; during the administration of a preference-for-novelty paradigm in the laboratory at 8 months; and by the administration of the Gesell Developmental Schedules at 9 months. Preterm and term infant groups were found to show both similarities and differences: both groups vocalized a similar amount in the preference-for-novelty situation; both groups earned similar scores on the language subtest of the Gesell; both groups increased the percentage of awake time they spent in nondistress vocalization from 1 to 8 months. Term infants showed an earlier increase than did preterm infants: term infants significantly increased during the 1-3 month period, whereas preterm infants only increased significantly during the 3-8 month period. The developmental differences suggest a link between vocal output and perinatal conditions in that caregiver behavior was not found to be different among groups. Within the preterm groups, some relationships were found between vocal output and later test performance: infants who vocalized more during mutual gazing with the mother earned significantly higher scores on the language subtest of the Gesell.
在婴儿1个月、3个月和8个月时，通过自然主义的家庭观察获取了51名早产儿和16名足月儿的发声数据；在婴儿8个月时，于实验室进行新奇偏好范式测试期间获取了发声数据；并在婴儿9个月时通过施测格塞尔发育量表获取了发声数据。研究发现，早产儿组和足月儿组既有相似之处，也有不同之处：在新奇偏好情境中，两组的发声量相似；在格塞尔语言子测试中，两组的得分相似；从1个月到8个月，两组在非痛苦发声中所花费的清醒时间百分比均有所增加。足月儿的增加比早产儿更早：足月儿在1至3个月期间显著增加，而早产儿仅在3至8个月期间显著增加。这些发育差异表明发声与围产期状况之间存在联系，因为未发现各组之间的照顾者行为存在差异。在早产儿组中，发现发声与后期测试表现之间存在一些关系：在与母亲相互凝视时发声较多的婴儿，在格塞尔语言子测试中的得分显著更高。
