Franz T J, Galey W R, Van Bruggen J T
J Gen Physiol. 1968 Jan;51(1):1-12. doi: 10.1085/jgp.51.1.1.
The permeability of frog skin under the influence of urea hyperosmolarity has been studied. Flux ratio asymmetry has been demonstrated again for tracer mannitol. The inhibitors DNP, CN(-), and ouabain have been used to eliminate active sodium transport and it was found that urea hyperosmolarity produces asymmetrical mannitol fluxes on frog skins having no short-circuit current. These findings suggest that flux ratio asymmetry is due to solute interaction and is unrelated to sodium transport. Studies with a synthetic membrane show clearly that bulk flow of fluid can produce a "solvent drag" effect and change flux ratios. When bulk flow is blocked and solute gradients allowed their full expression, then solute interaction "solute drag" is easily demonstrable in a synthetic system.
研究了尿素高渗作用下蛙皮的通透性。再次证实了示踪剂甘露醇的通量比不对称性。使用抑制剂2,4-二硝基苯酚（DNP）、氰离子（CN(-)）和哇巴因消除主动钠转运，发现尿素高渗作用于无短路电流的蛙皮时会产生不对称的甘露醇通量。这些发现表明通量比不对称是由于溶质相互作用，与钠转运无关。对合成膜的研究清楚地表明，流体的大量流动可产生“溶剂拖曳”效应并改变通量比。当大量流动被阻断且溶质梯度充分发挥作用时，溶质相互作用“溶质拖曳”在合成系统中很容易得到证实。
